Category: Investment Grade Quarterly

10 Apr 2024

2024 Q1 Investment Grade Quarterly

The first quarter of the year saw enthusiastic investor demand for investment grade corporate bonds and tighter credit spreads.  Spread performance was offset by Treasury yields that drifted higher throughout the quarter as economic data and Federal Reserve messaging made it increasingly clear that the Fed would be more deliberate with rate-cuts than what the market had anticipated at the beginning of 2024.  Taking it all together, it was a modestly negative quarter of total returns for IG credit but this is an asset class that best lends itself to a longer term view.  We believe that the current environment presents an opportunity.  Elevated Treasury yields and strong credit metrics across the IG universe have the potential to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for IG credit investors over a longer time horizon.

First Quarter Review

The option adjusted spread (OAS) on the Bloomberg US Corporate Bond Index opened the year at 99 and it briefly traded wider during the first 7 trading days of the year before the mood improved to the point that it would never again trade cheap to its opening level for the duration of the first quarter.  The index traded as tight as 88 near the end of March, its narrowest level since November 2021, before finishing the quarter at an OAS of 90.  Perhaps the most surprising aspect of this movement toward tighter spreads is that it occurred amid a record breaking deluge of new issue supply as borrowers printed $529 billion in new IG-rated corporate debt during the quarter.i

Sometimes a large amount of new issuance within a small window of time can have the effect of pushing credit spreads wider as investors sell existing holdings to make room for new issue allocations.  For example, in 2020 and 2022, when 1Q new issue supply exceeded $450mm, it was accompanied by a meaningful move wider in credit spreads. However, that was not the case in 2024 as investor demand was robust and IG fund flows were solidly positive which was supportive of both tighter spreads and a robust market for new issuance.

Moving on to Treasury yields, they were higher across the board in the first period of the year which sapped some momentum from total returns.

Although we don’t like to see rates move higher because of the short term headwinds it creates for performance, we think that higher yields present an opportunity for investors to be compensated for taking intermediate duration risk.  Yields remain elevated relative to the recent past –the yield to maturity (YTM) for the Corporate Index closed the first quarter at 5.30% which was 180 basis points higher than its average YTM of 3.50% over the past 10 years.

The Market Fought, but the Fed Always Wins

In our January commentary we wrote that we believed that the bar was high for near term rate cuts and our view remains the same.  At the beginning of the year Fed Funds Futures were implying seven 25bp rate cuts in 2024 for a total of 1.75%.  Investors speculated that the first cut would occur at the March meeting with an additional cut at every meeting thereafter (the FOMC holds 8 regularly scheduled meetings per year).ii  This is what interest rate futures were pricing in early January despite the fact that in December the Fed released its “Summary of Economic Projections” (SEP) which included the dot plot showing just 0.75% worth of rate cuts in 2024.  To be fair, the Fed bears some responsibility for the market exuberance in January thanks to its dovish messaging on the heels of the December FOMC meeting.

As the first quarter wore on, the market slowly came around to the idea that the Fed may tread lightly, decreasing its policy rate more cautiously than expected.  As it does every three months, the Fed issued an updated SEP at its March 2024 meeting which was slightly more hawkish than the December release but it still showed 0.75% worth of rate cuts in 2024.  At the end of the first quarter, Fed Funds Futures mirrored the most recent March dot plot implying a 56.9% chance of a cut at the June meeting with 2 additional cuts to follow at the September and December meetings.iii  This is a much more realistic view of what is likely to occur in our opinion.  Without some kind of exogenous shock, or in the absence of data that shows that the economy is significantly slowing, we expect that the Fed will be patient as it looks to ease restrictive policy.  Although it is not our base case, we think that there is a reasonable chance that the Fed may not cut at all in 2024.  We think that the most likely outcome is that the Fed will deliver one or two 25bp cuts in the second half of the year.  The Fed faces a difficult conundrum –it cannot move too quickly in the face of a resilient U.S. economy that is still creating jobs; but the longer it keeps rates at elevated levels, the greater the probability that it tumbles the economy into some type of recession.  We have a high degree of conviction that the Fed would very much like to decrease the policy rate as soon as it possibly can but we lack confidence that the data will allow them to do so.  Therefore, we believe that a modest recession before the end of 2025 is more likely than not due to an extended version of “higher for longer” monetary policy.

Value of Active Management

We believe that a Fed that is biased toward decreasing its policy rate is a positive for our strategy.  We are an intermediate manager with the bulk of our portfolio positioned in bonds that mature in 5 to 10 years.  Our base case is the following scenario: The Federal Funds rate decreases over time while Treasuries that range in maturity from 2 to 5 years decrease in concert.  At the same time intermediate Treasuries that mature in 5 to 10 years move back toward a normalized upward sloping level.  This scenario would allow the yield curve to regain some of its classical steepness and CAM’s portfolio would benefit from the “roll-down” effect as bonds move down the yield curve, inching closer to maturity with each passing day.

The above chart goes back 20 years from the end of the first quarter of 2024.  As you can see, the 5/10 Treasury curve is almost always positive and it has averaged 56.6bps of steepness over that time period relative to its closing level of -1bp at the end of March.  If a 10-year bond is purchased with the intention of holding it for 5 years before selling, and the 5/10 Treasury curve averages 50bps over that period, the bond will yield 10bps of compensation annually in the form of roll-down.  Curves are not static and in our opinion are best understood in terms of averages.

When discussing IG credit it is important to remember that there are two curves an investor should care about.  There is the aforementioned Treasury curve and then there is the corporate credit curve that trades on top of Treasuries.  This is the extra compensation that an investor receives for taking the additional credit risk of owning a corporate bond over a Treasury bond.  Like Treasury curves, corporate credit curves are ever evolving and changing all of the time, thus they can present opportunity for the active investor.  Unlike the Treasury curve, which can invert, the corporate credit curve is almost never inverted, though it can be inverted for specific bond issuers in spots from time to time due to credit conditions or technical factors.  Active managers will eventually take advantage of these inversions until they no longer exist.

At the end of the first quarter the typical corporate credit curve for the A-rated companies that we are looking at for our portfolios ranged from 20 to 30 basis points with outliers on either side of that.iv  So if we pick a midpoint of 25bps then that means a 5-year bond of an issuer that trades at a spread of 50/5yr could expect to see the 10-year bond for that same issuer trade at a spread of 75/10yr.  If a 10-year bond were purchased with the expectation of selling it at the 5-year mark, it would yield 5bps of roll-down credit spread compression for each year it is held.  This is just the compensation afforded by the corporate credit curve.  In normalized environments with an upward sloping Treasury curve, roll-down from the 5/10 TSY curve would provide additional benefits on top of compensation received from the credit curve.  This one-two punch can amplify total returns, benefiting investors during periods of curve steepness.

As an active manager we are always looking for ways to maximize client positioning along the credit and Treasury curves.  Sometimes this means we will favor shorter maturities within that 5-10yr band and other times we will be on the longer end of that range.  In some environments, like the one we are in currently, the economics will dictate that we hold existing bonds longer, until they have 3 or 4 years left to maturity in order to maximize the effectiveness of a sale-extension trade.  Although we sell 98%+ of our holdings prior to maturity, occasionally the bond math will indicate that we are better off holding a bond to maturity than we would be if we sold it and bought something else.  As an active manager we are focused on the bond market all day every day constantly evaluating opportunities and looking to maximize the value of each individual client holding.

Creditworthiness: Strong to Quite Strong

We pride ourselves on our bottom up research process and believe it is one of the most important attributes that we bring to the table as a manager.  We cannot control the direction of interest rates but we can exhibit a great deal of control over the credit worthiness of the bonds of the companies that we include in client portfolios.  Investment grade companies are rated IG for a reason –yes, IG-rated companies do sometimes default on their debt obligations, but it is usually a multi-year process of credit degradation and a prudent manager will sell before the worst case of a default comes to fruition.  In other words, when looking at investment grade credit, there are not many bad bonds, but there are a lot of bad prices.  There are many bonds in the IG universe that are simply priced too rich and that do not offer adequate compensation per unit of risk.  We always seek to populate client portfolios with bonds that are appropriately valued in an effort to reduce volatility and limit the prospect of spread widening during difficult market periods.

Although we are focused on individual credit analysis, looking at credit metrics for the IG-universe as a whole is instructive when we are trying to illustrate the current health of the overall market and it also helps us judge the relative value of investment opportunities.  At the end of the 4th quarter of 2023, credit metrics across IG were strong.*  EBITDA margins in particular continued to look impressive relative to history and are near all-time highs while EBITDA growth turned back to positive after a quarter of declines.

Net debt leverage for the non-financial IG index has been stable for 5 consecutive quarters and has improved since the first half of 2022.  The only major credit metric that has declined in recent quarters is interest coverage and that is largely because companies have been issuing new debt with higher coupons than the debt that has been maturing.v  In the first quarter of 2024, the average coupon of IG new issues was 5.33% which was 202bp higher than the average coupon of maturing bonds which was 3.31%.vi  For context, compare that to 7.24% which was the average 30yr fixed mortgage rate for a residential buyer at the end of the first quarter: the cost of capital for IG-rated companies looks very reasonable.vii  Simply put, investors do not need to take a lot of credit risk or interest rate risk to generate healthy returns in IG-rated credit  –aggregate credit metrics are at healthy levels and the index yield is >5%.

Looking Ahead

The last several years have been a historic time in the credit markets.  From March 2020 until March 2022 we experienced arguably the easiest Fed policy in history with 0% Fed Funds accompanied with unprecedented economic stimulus.  Then the Fed increased its policy rate 11 times in 18 months to its current range of 5.25%-5.5% –the fastest pace of tightening in over 40 years.viii  We are at the precipice of history once again as the Fed is tasked with finishing the war against inflation while restoring its policy rate to a more normative level.  It is an environment of uncertainty –where will the economy go from here?  We will continue to focus on our bread and butter and that is populating client portfolios with the bonds of companies that are well poised to navigate a variety of economic environments.  We thank you for your interest and continued partnership as we navigate the balance of 2024.

This information is intended solely to report on investment strategies identified by Cincinnati Asset Management. Opinions and estimates offered constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice, as are statements of financial market trends, which are based on current market conditions. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation to buy, hold or sell any financial instrument.  Fixed income securities may be sensitive to prevailing interest rates.  When rates rise the value generally declines.  Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.  Gross of advisory fee performance does not reflect the deduction of investment advisory fees.  Our advisory fees are disclosed in Form ADV Part 2A.  Accounts managed through brokerage firm programs usually will include additional fees.  Returns are calculated monthly in U.S. dollars and include reinvestment of dividends and interest. The index is unmanaged and does not take into account fees, expenses, and transaction costs.  It is shown for comparative purposes and is based on information generally available to the public from sources believed to be reliable.  No representation is made to its accuracy or completeness. 

The information provided in this report should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security.  There is no assurance that any securities discussed herein will remain in an account’s portfolio at the time you receive this report or that securities sold have not been repurchased.  The securities discussed do not represent an account’s entire portfolio and in the aggregate may represent only a small percentage of an account’s portfolio holdings.  It should not be assumed that any of the securities transactions or holdings discussed were or will prove to be profitable, or that the investment decisions we make in the future will be profitable or will equal the investment performance of the securities discussed herein.    As part of educating clients about CAM’s strategy we may include references to historical rates and spreads.  Hypothetical examples referencing the level of, or changes to, rates and spreads are for illustrative and educational purposes only.  They are not intended to represent the performance of any particular portfolio or security, nor do they include the impact of fees and expenses.  They also do not take into consideration all market and economic conditions that influence our decision-making.  Therefore, client accounts may or may not experience scenarios similar to those referenced herein.

Additional disclosures on the material risks and potential benefits of investing in corporate bonds are available on our website: https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure-statements/

i Bloomberg, March 28 2024 “High-Grade Bond Sales on Easter Pause After Record First Quarter”

ii Bloomberg WIRP, December 29 2023 “Fed Funds Futures”

iii Bloomberg WIRP, March 29 2024 “Fed Funds Futures”

iv Raymond James & Associates, March 28 2024 “Fixed Income Spreads”

v Barclays Bank PLC, March 13 2024 “US Investment Grade Credit Metrics, Q24 Update: No Concerns”

vi J.P. Morgan, April 3 2024 “US High Grade Corporate Bond Issuance Review”

vii Bloomberg ILM3NAVG Index, March 28 2024 “Bankrate.com US Home Mortgage 30 Year Fixed National Avg”

viii CNBC, December 13 2023 “The Federal Reserve’s period of rate hikes may be over.  Here’s why consumers are still reeling”

24 Jan 2024

2023 Q4 Investment Grade Quarterly

Click here to read the Spanish version / Haga clic aquí para leer la versión en español

Investment grade credit bounced back in 2023.  The year was a powerful demonstration of spread compression and the benefit of the carry associated with higher interest rates.  For the full year 2023, the option adjust spread (OAS) on the Bloomberg US Corporate Bond Index tightened by 31 basis points to 99 after it opened the year at 130.  Interest rates were volatile during 2023 but Treasury yields at the end of the period finished very close to where they started.  The 10yr Treasury ended 2023 at 3.88% which is exactly where it closed in 2022.  The 2yr and 5yr Treasuries finished 2023 18 and 15 basis points lower from where they started, respectively.

2023 Year in Review

It was a solid year of positive performance for investment grade credit, but there were some bumps along the way.  The Corporate Index was in positive territory for all but 2 trading days during the first nine months of 2023 until higher interest rates took a bite out of returns in the first three weeks of October.  On October 19, the year-to-date total return for the index was at its low for the year, down to -2.53%, which also happens to be the day that the 10 year Treasury closed at 4.99%, its highest level of the current cycle and its highest yield since July of 2007.

From that point in October it was a one-two punch of tighter spreads and lower interest rates which led to higher returns through year end.  The OAS on the index moved from 129 on October 19 to 99 at year end while the 10 year Treasury moved lower from 4.99% to 3.88% over the same time period.  As a result of spread compression and lower interest rates, the Corporate Index posted a +11.33% total return from October 19 through the end of 2023.  What was the catalyst for such a dramatic turnaround in performance in such a short period of time?  We think there are several reasons that investors turned positive on IG credit: cooling inflation, a resilient job market and strong economic growth to name a few.  However, the biggest driver of higher returns, in our view, was the likelihood that the Federal Reserve had reached the end of its current hiking cycle.  The Fed elected to pause at its September, November and December meetings and its messaging at its most recent meeting suggested that it would not hike again.  We have argued throughout the hiking cycle that corporate credit could perform well when it became increasingly clear that the Fed was done raising its policy rate, but the depth and velocity of the 4th quarter rally exceeded our expectations.

As far as spread performance was concerned, 2023 saw tighter spreads across the board.  More than half (4.55%) of the index total return for 2023 (8.52%) was attributable to tighter credit spreads.  Lower quality IG-rated credit led the way, especially as credit spreads compressed in the final two months of the year.  The best performing industries in 2023 were Media & Entertainment and Oil Field Services.  While performance for the laggards was positive, Construction Machinery and Consumer Products were the two largest underperforming industries relative to the Corporate Index.  There were no industries within the investment grade universe that came anywhere close to posting a negative annual total return.

2024 Outlook

We have a positive stance on the investment grade credit market for the year ahead.  The yield of the asset class continues to trade at much higher levels relative to recent history.  The average yield on the Index over the past 10 years was 3.45% and it finished 2023 at 5.06%.  It is not as attractive today as it was during the October rate selloff when the index closed with a yield above 6.4% but the compensation afforded is still meaningfully higher than in the recent past.

Our positive view of the market as described above refers to the “all-in” compensation for IG which is comprised of the underlying Treasury as well as additional compensation that an investor receives for owning a bond in the form of credit spread.  Speaking specifically to the valuation of credit spreads, we are not as positive on spreads as we are on yields given current trading levels and we feel that spreads finished the year near the tighter end of fair value.  Looking at the past 20 years of data, the average spread on the index was 149, although this time period includes the GFC when the spread on the index blew out to >600.  The low was 75 in March of 2005 and the low for the current credit cycle was 80 in 2021.  The spread on the index closed the year at 99 and it is certainly capable of trading sideways at this level for a long period of time and it can even grind tighter from here.  But we want to be realistic with our investors about the upside potential in credit spreads.  We believe that credit spreads are pricing in a relatively high likelihood of a soft landing and any data to the contrary (read: recession) will lead to wider spreads.  The good news is that when you are starting with a >5% yield, there is a comfortable margin of safety available for spread widening while still generating positive total returns.  We would also point out that most recessions are accompanied by a move lower in Treasury yields which could serve to offset wider credit spreads.

We have a favorable view of the general health of the credit market and we believe that strong credit metrics are compelling from the standpoint of risk reward.  Although peak credit metrics of the current cycle occurred at the end of 2021, the creditworthiness of the IG credit market as a whole is stable and even showing improvement by some measures.i  According to research compiled by Barclays, at the end of the third quarter 2023, net leverage for the index was 2.8x, EBITDA margins were 29.6% and interest coverage was 12.7x.1  While leverage and interest coverage were not quite as good as they have been in recent years, they were both at very reasonable levels, showing recent improvement while EBITDA margins have been remarkably stable and were only 0.4% from all-time highs.  With few exceptions, investment grade rated companies are in very good shape.

Portfolio Positioning

We focus on the management of credit risk through a bottom up research process; so although we have a macro-view, we spend most of our time thinking about how that broader view may impact individual holdings within client portfolios.  As a reminder, we structure each separately managed account in the following manner.

  • Diversification: Each individual client or institutional portfolio is initially populated with approximately 20-25 positions. We diversify portfolios by seeking to limit each account to a 20% exposure at the sector level and 15% at the individual industry level, with the exception of the Financial Institutions (Finance) sector.  For Finance we limit each account to a 30% exposure because it represents a large portion of the IG index with a 32.97% index weighting at the end of 2023.
  • Credit Quality: One of the biggest differentiators between CAM’s portfolio and the Index is our bias toward higher quality credit in that we look to cap each client account at a 30% exposure to BAA-rated bonds. The Index had a 47.14% weighting in BAA-rated credit at the end of 2023 and this figure for the Index has been >50% several times in recent years –this leaves CAM’s portfolio with meaningfully less exposure to lower rated credit relative to the Index.
  • Maturity: We will always seek to position the portfolio within an intermediate maturity band that ranges from 5-10 years. Occasionally you will find that we will hold some shorter maturities that mature in less than 5 years. This is especially true during the current environment where certain portions of the Treasury curve are inverted –we want to be patient and allow more time for our sale and extension trades to become economic.  We will also occasionally purchase a bond that matures in >10 years but this is not typical and any such purchase will not be materially longer than 10 years. During the invest-up phase we will typically populate new portfolios with maturities that range in tenor from 8-10 years.  As an account becomes seasoned we will look to sell bonds at ~5 years left to maturity and then we will redeploy those sale proceeds back into ~10 year maturities.  As a result of our intermediate positioning, at year end 2023 our composite had a modified duration of 5.4 relative to the Index duration of 7.3.

The mission of our Investment Grade Strategy is to provide our clients with superior risk adjusted returns.  Our goal is to minimize volatility by incurring less credit risk and less interest rate risk than the Index.

Fed Watching

In his prepared remarks following the December FOMC meeting, Chair Powell said that “…our policy rate is likely at or near its peak for this tightening cycle.”ii  While he did not specifically rule out additional rate increases it has become increasingly clear that the Fed is unlikely to hike again.  Now all attention has turned to the Fed rate-cut narrative which is sure to dominate the business news cycle in 2024.  The most recent version of the Fed “dot plot” that was released at its December meeting showed that central bankers expect 0.75% of rate cuts in 2024.  One way to look at this is if the Fed moves in 25bps increments then it is expecting to cut rates three times during the year.  It is worth noting that the dot plot is simply the best estimate at a given point in time and it does not necessarily mean that the consensus estimate will come to fruition.  For example, the dot plot that was released at the September 2023 meeting showed that there would be one additional 25bp rate increase in 2023 but that did not occur.

The Fed made a splash at its December meeting with its dovish commentary.  One measure we track to gauge market perception is The Goldman Sachs Financial Conditions Index which is a weighted average of short and long-term interest rates, the value of the $USD, credit spreads and the ratio of equity prices to the 10-year average of EPS.

As you can see from the above chart, conditions were tightening rapidly in September and October before they just as quickly started to ease beginning with the November 1 FOMC meeting and then again at the December 13 meeting (denoted by the vertical line on the chart).  We do not think it was necessarily a policy mistake but believe that the December press conference was a missed opportunity for Chairman Powell to push back against easing financial conditions, which ended 2023 near the most comfortable levels of the year.  The U.S. economy added 4.8mm jobs in 2022 and another 2.7mm jobs in 2023.iii  We believe that the bar for near term rate cuts is quite high unless the economy experiences a proportional slowing of job growth in 2024.

This brings us to our final thought with regard to Fed policy.  The target range for Fed Funds was 5.25%-5.5% at year end and the Effective Fed Funds rate per data compiled by the New York Fed was 5.33% at the end of 2023.  A 75bp move on an effective rate of 5.33% is a percentage decrease of 14%.  We question whether the prospect of a move of just 14% is really enough to sustain the exuberance that risk assets experienced in the final two months of 2023.  We think that, regardless of what it says, this Fed is determined to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past and that it must have the utmost confidence that inflation will settle at its 2% target before it starts to really move the needle with rate cuts.  The best way for the Fed to accomplish this is to keep its policy rate “higher for longer.”  An extended period of elevated rates is not necessarily a bad thing for bonds nor is it bad for IG-rated companies with good balance sheets but it could present a headwind for equities and certain sectors of the economy such as commercial real estate.  Ultimately we believe “higher for longer” diminishes the prospect of a soft landing and increases the probability that the economy will enter a recession near the end of 2024 or sometime in 2025.  The timing of such a call is always the most difficult part.

Moving Forward

Thank you for your continued enthusiasm and support and for trusting us to manage your hard earned capital.  We look forward to collaborating with you in 2024.

This information is intended solely to report on investment strategies identified by Cincinnati Asset Management. Opinions and estimates offered constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice, as are statements of financial market trends, which are based on current market conditions. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation to buy, hold or sell any financial instrument.  Fixed income securities may be sensitive to prevailing interest rates.  When rates rise the value generally declines.  Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.  Gross of advisory fee performance does not reflect the deduction of investment advisory fees.  Our advisory fees are disclosed in Form ADV Part 2A.  Accounts managed through brokerage firm programs usually will include additional fees.  Returns are calculated monthly in U.S. dollars and include reinvestment of dividends and interest. The index is unmanaged and does not take into account fees, expenses, and transaction costs.  It is shown for comparative purposes and is based on information generally available to the public from sources believed to be reliable.  No representation is made to its accuracy or completeness. 

 

The information provided in this report should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security.  There is no assurance that any securities discussed herein will remain in an account’s portfolio at the time you receive this report or that securities sold have not been repurchased.  The securities discussed do not represent an account’s entire portfolio and in the aggregate may represent only a small percentage of an account’s portfolio holdings.  It should not be assumed that any of the securities transactions or holdings discussed were or will prove to be profitable, or that the investment decisions we make in the future will be profitable or will equal the investment performance of the securities discussed herein.


Additional disclosures on the material risks and potential benefits of investing in corporate bonds are available on our website:
https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure-statements/

i Barclays Bank PLC, December 11 2023 “US Investment Grade Credit Metrics, Q3 23 Update: Stable”

ii Federal Reserve System Board of Governors Chairman Jerome H. Powell News Conference, December 13 2023 “Federal Reserve System”

iii The Wall Street Journal, January 5 2024 “Job Gains Picked Up in December Capping Year of Healthy Hiring”

20 Jan 2024

COMENTARIO DEL CUARTO TRIMESTRE

El crédito con grado de inversión se recuperó en 2023.  El ejercicio fue una fuerte demostración de la reducción de los diferenciales y del beneficio residual asociado con altas tasas de interés.  Para todo el año 2023, el diferencial ajustado por opciones (OAS) en el índice de bonos corporativos de EE. UU. de Bloomberg se redujo en 31 puntos básicos a 99 después de haber abierto el año en 130.  Las tasas de interés fueron volátiles durante 2023, pero el rendimiento de los bonos del Tesoro al final del período terminó muy cerca de donde comenzó.  Los bonos del Tesoro a 10 años terminaron 2023 en 3,88 %, que es el mismo número con el que cerraron en 2022.  Los bonos del Tesoro a 2 y 5 años terminaron 2023 con una disminución de 18 y 15 puntos básicos, respectivamente, respecto de donde empezaron.

Año 2023 en revisión

Se trató de un año sólido con rendimiento positivo para el crédito con grado de inversión, aunque hubo algunos obstáculos en el camino.  El índice corporativo se mantuvo en territorio positivo durante todas las jornadas bursátiles de los primeros nueve meses de 2023, salvo por dos días, hasta que las tasas de interés más altas afectaron la rentabilidad en las tres primeras semanas de octubre.  El 19 de octubre, la rentabilidad total del último año para este índice estuvo en su punto más bajo, con una disminución de -2,53 %, lo que coincidió con el día en que el bono del Tesoro a 10 años cerró en 4,99 %, su nivel más alto del ciclo actual y su rendimiento más alto desde julio de 2007.

Desde ese punto en octubre se produjo un doble impacto de diferenciales más ajustados y tasas de interés más bajas, lo que se tradujo en rentabilidades más altas hacia fin de año.  El OAS del índice bajó de 129, el 19 de octubre, a 99, a fin de año, mientras que el bono del Tesoro a 10 años descendió de 4,99 % a 3,88 % durante el mismo período.  Como resultado de la reducción de los diferenciales y la disminución de las tasas de interés, el Índice corporativo registró una rentabilidad total de +11,33 % entre el 19 de octubre y finales del año 2023.  ¿Cuál fue el catalizador de un cambio de rumbo tan drástico en el rendimiento en tan poco tiempo?  Creemos que existen varias razones para que los inversores volvieran positivo el crédito con grado de inversión: una inflación controlada, un mercado de empleo resiliente y un crecimiento económico sólido, por nombrar algunas.  Sin embargo, en nuestra opinión, el mayor impulsor del aumento del rendimiento fue la probabilidad de que la Reserva Federal hubiera llegado al final de su actual ciclo de subidas.  La Reserva Federal optó por hacer una pausa en sus reuniones de septiembre, noviembre y diciembre, y en su comunicado de la reunión más reciente, se sugirió que no habría más subidas.  A lo largo del ciclo de subidas, hemos argumentado que el crédito corporativo podría tener un buen desempeño cuando quedara más claro que la Reserva Federal había concluido con su política de suba de tasas, pero la profundidad y velocidad del repunte del cuarto trimestre superó nuestras expectativas.

En lo que respecta al rendimiento del diferencial, 2023 fue testigo de diferenciales más ajustados en todos los ámbitos.  Más de la mitad (4,55 %) de la rentabilidad total del índice para 2023 (8,52 %) se pudo atribuir a diferenciales de crédito más ajustados.  El crédito con calificación de grado de inversión (IG) de menor calidad lideró el camino, especialmente a medida que se redujeron los diferenciales de crédito durante los últimos dos meses del año.  Las industrias con un mejor rendimiento en 2023 fueron la de Medios y Entretenimiento y Servicios de Yacimientos Petrolíferos.  Si bien el rendimiento para los rezagados fue positivo, Maquinaria de Construcción y Productos de Consumo fueron las dos industrias más rezagadas en relación con el índice corporativo.  No hubo ninguna industria del universo con grado de inversión que se acercara lo más mínimo a un registro de rentabilidad total anual negativa.

Perspectiva para el 2024

Tenemos una postura positiva sobre el mercado de crédito con grado de inversión para el año entrante.  El rendimiento de esta clase de activos continúa cotizando a niveles mucho más elevados en relación con la historia reciente.  El rendimiento promedio del Índice durante los últimos 10 años fue de 3,45 % y finalizó a 5,06 % en 2023.  No es atractivo hoy en día como lo era durante la liquidación de tasas de octubre cuando el índice cerró con un rendimiento superior a 6,4 %, pero la compensación ofrecida sigue siendo significativamente más alta que en el pasado reciente.

Nuestra visión positiva del mercado, según lo descrito anteriormente, se refiere a la compensación “total” para IG que está compuesta por el Tesoro subyacente, así como una compensación adicional que recibe el inversor por la tenencia de un bono en forma de diferencial de crédito.  Hablando específicamente de la valoración de los diferenciales de crédito, no tenemos una visión tan positiva sobre los diferenciales cuando prestamos atención a los rendimientos producidos con los niveles actuales de negociación, y creemos que los diferenciales terminaron el año cerca del extremo más ajustado del valor de mercado.  Si observamos los últimos 20 años de datos, el diferencial promedio del índice fue de 149, aunque este período incluye la Crisis Financiera Global (GFC) cuando el diferencial del índice se disparó a más de 600.  El punto bajo fue de 75 en marzo de 2005 y el más bajo del ciclo de crédito actual fue de 80 en 2021.  El diferencial del índice cerró el año en 99 y definitivamente es capaz de mantenerse operando lateralmente en este nivel durante un largo período de tiempo e incluso puede ajustarse a niveles más bajos a partir de aquí.  Pero queremos ser realistas con nuestros inversores sobre el potencial alcista de los diferenciales de crédito.  Creemos que los diferenciales de crédito están negociándose con una probabilidad relativamente alta de un impacto controlado, y cualquier dato que indique lo contrario (léase: recesión) provocará diferenciales más amplios.  La buena noticia es que cuando se comienza con un rendimiento superior al 5 %, hay un cómodo margen de seguridad disponible para la ampliación de los diferenciales mientras se generan rendimientos totales positivos.  También señalaríamos que la mayoría de las recesiones están acompañadas por una disminución de los rendimientos de los bonos del Tesoro, lo que podría compensar la ampliación de los diferenciales de crédito.

Tenemos una visión favorable de la salud general del mercado de créditos y creemos que la solidez de las métricas crediticias es convincente desde el punto de vista de la recompensa por el riesgo.  Si bien el punto máximo de las métricas crediticias del ciclo actual se produjo a finales de 2021, la solvencia del mercado de créditos con grado de inversión como un todo es estable e incluso algunas mediciones muestran una mejora.1Fi Según la investigación recopilada por Barclays, a finales del tercer trimestre de 2023, el apalancamiento neto para el índice fue 2,8 veces mayor, los márgenes de EBITDA fueron del 29,6 % y la cobertura de intereses fue de 12,7 veces mayor.a1 Si bien el apalancamiento y la cobertura de intereses no tuvieron tan buen desempeño como en los últimos años, estuvieron dentro de niveles razonables y mostraron una mejora reciente, mientras los márgenes de EBITDA han sido notablemente estables y estuvieron solo un 0,4 % por debajo de los máximos históricos.  Salvo unas pocas excepciones, las compañías calificadas con grado de inversión están en muy buena forma.

Posicionamiento de la cartera

Nos centramos en la gestión del riesgo crediticio a través de un proceso de investigación detallado; así que aunque tengamos una visión macro, pasamos la mayor parte del tiempo pensando en cómo esa visión más amplia puede afectar a las inversiones individuales dentro de las carteras de los clientes.  Como recordatorio, estructuramos cada cuenta individual administrada de la siguiente manera.

  • Diversificación: se ingresan datos iniciales para cada cliente individual o cartera institucional con 20 a 25 posiciones. Diversificamos las carteras buscando limitar cada cuenta a una exposición de 20 % a nivel sectorial y un 15 % a nivel de industria individual, con excepción del sector de Instituciones financieras (Finanzas).  Para el sector de Finanzas, limitamos cada cuenta a una exposición de 30 % porque este sector representa una amplia porción del índice de IG con una ponderación del 32,97 % a finales de 2023.
  • Calidad crediticia: uno de los mayores diferenciadores entre la cartera de CAM y el Índice radica en nuestro sesgo hacia créditos de mayor calidad, en el sentido de que buscamos limitar cada cuenta de cliente a una exposición del 30 % en bonos con calificación BAA. El índice tuvo una ponderación de 47,14 % en créditos con calificación BAA a finales de 2023 y esta cifra ha superado el 50 % varias veces para el índice en los últimos años: esto deja la cartera de CAM con una exposición significativamente menor a créditos de calificación más baja en comparación con el índice.
  • Vencimiento: siempre buscaremos posicionar la cartera dentro de una banda de vencimiento intermedio que oscila entre los 5 y 10 años. Ocasionalmente verá que mantenemos algunos vencimientos más cortos que vencen a menos de 5 años. Esto se da especialmente durante el entorno actual, donde ciertas partes de la curva del Tesoro están invertidas; queremos ser pacientes y permitir más tiempo para que nuestras operaciones de venta y extensión sean rentables.  Ocasionalmente también adquiriremos un bono con un vencimiento superior a 10 años pero esto no es habitual y una compra de esa naturaleza no tendrá una duración sustancialmente mayor a 10 años. Durante la fase de inversión, normalmente llenaremos nuevas carteras con vencimientos que fluctúan entre los 8 y los 10 años.  A medida que una cuenta se vuelve antigua, buscamos vender los bonos con aproximadamente 5 años de vencimiento y, a continuación, reinvertimos los ingresos de esas ventas en vencimientos de aproximadamente 10 años.  Como resultado de nuestro posicionamiento intermedio, a finales de 2023, nuestro compuesto tuvo una duración modificada de 5,4 en relación con la duración de 7,3 del índice.

La misión de nuestra Estrategia de grado de inversión es proporcionar a nuestros clientes rentabilidades superiores ajustadas al riesgo.  Nuestra meta es minimizar la volatilidad incurriendo en menos riesgo crediticio y menos riesgo de tasas de interés que con el índice.

Vigilancia de la Reserva Federal

En sus comentarios preparados después de la reunión de diciembre del Comité Federal del Mercado Abierto (FOMC), el presidente Powell dijo que “…nuestra tasa de referencia probablemente esté en su punto máximo, o cerca de él, para este ciclo de ajuste”.ii Aunque no descartó específicamente nuevas alzas en las tasas, cada vez está más claro que es improbable que la Reserva Federal vuelva a subirlas.  Ahora toda la atención se ha centrado en el relato del recorte de tasas de la Reserva Federal, lo que seguramente dominará el ciclo de noticias empresariales en 2024.  La versión más reciente del “gráfico de puntos” de la Reserva Federal lanzado en su reunión de diciembre mostró que la banca central espera recortes de 0,75 % en las tasas para 2024.  Una manera de interpretarlo es que si la Reserva Federal opera con aumentos de 25 puntos básicos, se prevén recortes en las tasas tres veces en el año.  Cabe destacar que el gráfico de puntos solo es la mejor estimación en un punto temporal específico y no implica necesariamente que la estimación por consenso se hará realidad.  Por ejemplo, el gráfico de puntos publicado en la reunión de septiembre de 2023 mostró que habría un aumento de 25 puntos básicos adicionales en 2023, pero eso no ocurrió.

La Reserva Federal causó un revuelo con sus comentarios moderados en su reunión de diciembre.  Una medición que rastreamos para evaluar la percepción del mercado es el índice de condiciones financieras de Goldman Sachs, que es un promedio ponderado de tasas de interés a corto y largo plazo, el valor del dólar estadounidense, los diferenciales de crédito y la relación de los precios de las acciones con el promedio de 10 años de las ganancias por acción (EPS).

Como se puede ver en el gráfico anterior, las condiciones se fueron ajustando rápidamente en septiembre y octubre, antes de que empezaran a relajarse rápidamente, comenzando con la reunión del FOMC del 1 de noviembre y nuevamente en la reunión del 13 de diciembre (indicado por la línea vertical del gráfico).  No consideramos que se trate necesariamente de un error de política, pero creemos que la conferencia de prensa de diciembre fue una oportunidad perdida para el presidente Powell de oponerse a la relajación de las condiciones financieras, que terminaron el 2023 cerca de los niveles más cómodos del año.  La economía de Estados Unidos sumó 4.8 millones de empleos en 2022 y otros 2.7 millones en 2023.iii Creemos que el umbral para los recortes de las tasas a corto plazo es bastante alto, a menos que la economía experimente una desaceleración proporcional del crecimiento del empleo en 2024.

Esto nos conduce a nuestra reflexión final respecto de la política de la Reserva Federal.  El margen deseado para los Fondos Federales fue de 5,25 % a 5,5 % al final del año y la tasa efectiva de Fondos Federales, según los datos recopilados por la Reserva Federal de Nueva York, fue del 5,33 % a finales de 2023.  Un movimiento de 75 puntos básicos en una tasa efectiva de 5,33 % supone una disminución porcentual de 14 %.  Nos preguntamos si la perspectiva de un movimiento de apenas el 14 % es realmente suficiente para sostener la exuberancia que experimentaron los activos de riesgo en los últimos dos meses de 2023.  Creemos que, independientemente de lo que digan, esta Reserva Federal tiene la determinación de no repetir los errores del pasado y debe tener la máxima confianza en que la inflación llegará a su objetivo del 2 % antes de comenzar a tener un impacto significativo en los recortes de tasas.  La mejor manera que tiene la Reserva Federal para lograr esto es mantener su tasa de referencia “más alta por más tiempo”. Un período prolongado de tasas elevadas no es necesariamente algo malo para los bonos ni para las empresas con calificación de grado de inversión y balances sólidos, pero podría representar un obstáculo para las acciones y ciertos sectores de la economía, como el mercado comercial de bienes raíces.  En última instancia, creemos que una tasa “más alta por más tiempo” disminuye la posibilidad de un impacto controlado y aumenta la probabilidad de que la economía entre en una recesión cerca del final de 2024 o en algún momento de 2025.  El marco temporal de esta opción siempre es la parte más difícil.

De cara al futuro

Gracias por su continuo entusiasmo y apoyo y por depositar su confianza en nosotros para administrar el capital que tanto esfuerzo les costó ganar.  Ansiamos colaborar con ustedes en 2024.

.

This information is intended solely to report on investment strategies identified by Cincinnati Asset Management. Opinions and estimates offered constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice, as are statements of financial market trends, which are based on current market conditions. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation to buy, hold or sell any financial instrument.  Fixed income securities may be sensitive to prevailing interest rates.  When rates rise the value generally declines.  Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.  Gross of advisory fee performance does not reflect the deduction of investment advisory fees.  Our advisory fees are disclosed in Form ADV Part 2A.  Accounts managed through brokerage firm programs usually will include additional fees.  Returns are calculated monthly in U.S. dollars and include reinvestment of dividends and interest. The index is unmanaged and does not take into account fees, expenses, and transaction costs.  It is shown for comparative purposes and is based on information generally available to the public from sources believed to be reliable.  No representation is made to its accuracy or completeness. 

 

The information provided in this report should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security.  There is no assurance that any securities discussed herein will remain in an account’s portfolio at the time you receive this report or that securities sold have not been repurchased.  The securities discussed do not represent an account’s entire portfolio and in the aggregate may represent only a small percentage of an account’s portfolio holdings.  It should not be assumed that any of the securities transactions or holdings discussed were or will prove to be profitable, or that the investment decisions we make in the future will be profitable or will equal the investment performance of the securities discussed herein.


Additional disclosures on the material risks and potential benefits of investing in corporate bonds are available on our website:
https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure-statements/

i Barclays Bank PLC, December 11 2023 “US Investment Grade Credit Metrics, Q3 23 Update: Stable”

ii Federal Reserve System Board of Governors Chairman Jerome H. Powell News Conference, December 13 2023 “Federal Reserve System”

iii The Wall Street Journal, January 5 2024 “Job Gains Picked Up in December Capping Year of Healthy Hiring”

23 Oct 2023

2023 Q3 Investment Grade Quarterly

Click here to read the Spanish version / Haga clic aquí para leer la versión en español. Investment grade credit spreads were tighter during the third quarter, but Treasury yields moved higher, which acted as a meaningful headwind for returns.  During the quarter, the Option Adjusted Spread (OAS) on the Bloomberg US Corporate Bond Index tightened by 2 basis points to 121 after opening the period at 123.  Intermediate Treasury curves steepened during the period, with relatively little change in the 2yr Treasury, while the 5yr and 10yr Treasury yields moved significantly higher.   Higher rates are bad news for short term returns, but for the long run, curve steepening is something that we like to see as it creates a friendlier environment for bond investors.  Positive sloping curves maximize the efficiency and return potential of a bond rolling down the yield curve as it approaches maturity.

The Corporate Index posted a quarterly total return of -3.09%.  CAM’s Investment Grade Program net of fees total return for the quarter was -2.36%.  Year-to-date total returns remained positive for both the index and CAM through quarter end.

Market Update

The yield to maturity (YTM) for the Bloomberg U.S. Corporate Index ended the quarter at 6.04%.  Here are some statistics to provide context:

  • The 5yr average YTM was 3.48%. The index closed >6% fewer than 0.7% of trading days.
  • The 10yr average YTM was 3.38%. The index closed >6% fewer than 0.4% of trading days.
  • The 15yr average YTM was 3.69%. The index closed >6% fewer than 5.2% of trading days.
  • The 20yr average YTM was 4.12%. The index closed >6% fewer than 7.6% of trading days.

With yields near cycle highs and company fundamentals in solid shape, we think that IG credit offers an attractive value proposition.  We also believe that downside for the asset class is limited at these elevated yields.  Treasury yields could go higher from here or there could be a hard landing that might send credit spreads wider, but the impact of those moves on returns is diminished when the starting point is a >6% yield, which provides meaningful cushion for bond investors.

We believe credit spreads were fairly valued at quarter end.  The OAS on the index finished the quarter at 121 relative to its 5 and 10 year averages of 123 and 124, respectively.  Investors are cautious about the direction of the U.S. economy which is why we believe that further spread tightening from current levels could be difficult.  However, there are a couple of scenarios that could drive spreads tighter: 1.) The yield curve continues to steepen to the point that it is no longer inverted and/or 2.) Inflation continues to decline coincident with a soft landing for the U.S. economy.  There is a third scenario as well, which contemplates a lack of new bond supply into year-end which could create a supply/demand mismatch: if new issuance is insufficient to satisfy investor demand, then secondary spreads could grind tighter in the absence of negative economic data.  Conversely, spreads could go wider if tight monetary policy tips the economy into a recession.  We believe the most likely outcome is that spreads will trade within a relatively tight range until there is more certainty among investors regarding the direction of the economy and inflation expectations.  Bottom line, with elevated Treasury yields and fair compensation for credit risk, we believe investment grade credit remains attractive.

Asset Allocation – Stocks vs. Bonds

Throughout 2023, Treasuries have climbed higher, while equities have continued to chug along, posting impressive returns.  This price action has brought the concept of the equity risk premium (ERP) into to the spotlight.  The ERP is the extra return that an investor earns from stocks compared to bonds for taking additional risk in the equity market.  To put it in mathematical terms, the ERP is the difference between the S&P 500’s earnings yield and the yield on the 10yr Treasury.  The following ERP chart is expressed in terms of basis points.

Currently, the ERP is at its lowest level at any point in the past 20 years.  Does this strengthen the case for investment grade bonds, which earn a spread in excess of the risk free rate?  We think so, but it is worth noting that the ERP can go negative – it was deeply negative for an extended period during the dot-com bubble period of 1998 into early 2001.

Cash Remains Attractive, But Less So

The most frequent question we have continued to field from individual investors over the course of the past year goes something like this.

“Yields at 6% look great to me, but why would I allocate to intermediate corporate bonds when I can buy a 2-year Treasury at 5% or an 18 month CD at 5.25%?”

To be clear, we think that investors should absolutely be taking advantage of dislocation at the front end of the yield curve, but they should not do so at the expense of their longer term goals.  These high short rates are a phenomenon of the Fed hiking cycle and the inverted curve could dissipate quickly when the Fed reverses course.  An investor that over-allocates to the front end of the curve puts themselves at risk of missing out on larger returns slightly further out the curve.  The goal for most investors should be to allocate their portfolio in a manner that benefits from elevated short term rates while maintaining an exposure to the intermediate part of the yield curve so that the portfolio can reap the rewards of a curve that eventually re-steepens from its current inverted state. An investor that waits for the first Fed rate cut or waits for this trade to be obvious could miss out on a lot of low hanging fruit as far as returns are concerned.

The subject of reinvestment risk remains highly topical in our conversations with investors. Please reach out to one of our client consultants if you would like to discuss this further or you can view some of our past content here.

Corporate Credit Curve – A Waiting Game

The corporate credit curve is integral to our strategy at CAM.  The following graph shows the change from the beginning of the year through the end of the third quarter for both the Treasury curve and the corporate yield curve.  Our focus at CAM is on intermediate maturities that range from 5 to 10 years.

Both corporate and Treasury curves have moved much higher so far in 2023.  It is important to note that while the Treasury curve has remained inverted, the corporate curve has maintained its steepness.  For example, even though the 5/10 Treasury curve was inverted by -4bps at quarter end, an investor could expect to earn +21bps in additional yield (on average) by extending from a 5yr corporate bond to a 10yr corporate bond.  This equates to a 5/10 corporate credit curve of +25bps.   For our existing investors, we are currently holding some maturities longer than we would typically – as we are patiently waiting for the corporate credit curve to steepen.  A steeper curve allows us to extract more value for our investors from extension trades.  As the Fed tightening cycle reaches its logical conclusion, we expect steepening in both the underlying Treasury curve and the corporate credit curve.  As these curves steepen, investors that have been with us for some time will start to see us resume our extension trades.  The following graph from the St. Louis Fed provides a good illustration of how much steeper the corporate credit curve has been for most of the past decade relative to where it is today.

The Fed – Are We There Yet?

The Federal Reserve delivered a +0.25% hike at its July meeting, but held rates steady at its September meeting.  The Fed meets two more times this year, the first day of November and again in mid-December.  The FOMC’s dot plot shows an expectation of one more +25bp hike this year and -50bps worth of cuts next year.  At quarter-end, investors were assigning a 39.1% probability of an additional rate hike by year-end according to Fed Funds Futures.

The Fed message has been consistent lately, hammering home the “higher for longer” mantra.  We don’t believe that it is particularly meaningful if the Fed hikes once more or even twice.  Instead, we think bond investors should rejoice at the likelihood that the Fed may finally be near the end of its hiking cycle.

Keep Grinding

It was a quarter to forget for IG credit returns but the longer term value proposition remains.  Even despite massive movement in Treasuries the asset class has remained in positive territory year-to-date.  We will continue to manage your capital to the best of our ability, searching for superior risk adjusted returns amid an increasingly volatile landscape.  Thank you for your continued interest and confidence.

This information is intended solely to report on investment strategies identified by Cincinnati Asset Management. Opinions and estimates offered constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice, as are statements of financial market trends, which are based on current market conditions. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation to buy, hold or sell any financial instrument.  Fixed income securities may be sensitive to prevailing interest rates.  When rates rise the value generally declines.  Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.  Gross of advisory fee performance does not reflect the deduction of investment advisory fees.  Our advisory fees are disclosed in Form ADV Part 2A.  Accounts managed through brokerage firm programs usually will include additional fees.  Returns are calculated monthly in U.S. dollars and include reinvestment of dividends and interest. The index is unmanaged and does not take into account fees, expenses, and transaction costs.  It is shown for comparative purposes and is based on information generally available to the public from sources believed to be reliable.  No representation is made to its accuracy or completeness. 

 

The information provided in this report should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security.  There is no assurance that any securities discussed herein will remain in an account’s portfolio at the time you receive this report or that securities sold have not been repurchased.  The securities discussed do not represent an account’s entire portfolio and in the aggregate may represent only a small percentage of an account’s portfolio holdings.  It should not be assumed that any of the securities transactions or holdings discussed were or will prove to be profitable, or that the investment decisions we make in the future will be profitable or will equal the investment performance of the securities discussed herein.


Additional disclosures on the material risks and potential benefits of investing in corporate bonds are available on our website:
https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure-statements/.

22 Oct 2023

COMENTARIO DEL TERCER TRIMESTRE

Los diferenciales de crédito con grado de inversión fueron más ajustados durante el tercer trimestre, pero los rendimientos de los bonos del Tesoro subieron, lo que actuó como un importante obstáculo para la rentabilidad.  Durante el trimestre, el diferencial ajustado por opciones (Option Adjusted Spread, OAS) en el índice de bonos corporativos de EE. UU. de Bloomberg se redujo en 2 puntos básicos y llegó a 121 después de haber abierto el año con un OAS de 123.  Las curvas de los bonos del Tesoro intermedio se inclinaron durante el período, con relativamente pocas variaciones en los bonos del Tesoro a 2 años, mientras que los rendimientos de los bonos del Tesoro a 5 y 10 años subieron significativamente.   Las tasas más altas son malas noticias para los rendimientos a corto plazo, pero a largo plazo, la inclinación de la curva es algo que nos gusta ver, ya que crea un entorno más amigable para los inversores en bonos.  Las curvas con pendiente positiva maximizan la eficiencia y el potencial de rendimiento de un bono que avanza hacia abajo en la curva de rendimiento a medida que se acerca al vencimiento.

El índice corporativo registró un rendimiento total de todo el trimestre de -3.09 %.  La rentabilidad total neta de comisiones del programa de grado de inversión de Cincinnati Asset Management, Inc. (CAM) fue del -2.36 %.  Los rendimientos totales el último año se mantuvieron positivos tanto para el índice como para el CAM hasta el final del trimestre.

Actualización de mercado

El rendimiento al vencimiento (yield to maturity, YTM) del índice Bloomberg U.S. Corporate cerró el trimestre en 6.04 %.  Aquí hay algunas estadísticas para proporcionar contexto:

 

  • El YTM promedio a 5 años fue del 3.48 %.  El índice cerró >6 % menos del 0.7 % de los días hábiles.
  • El YTM promedio a 10 años fue del 3.38 %.  El índice cerró >6 % menos del 0.4 % de los días hábiles.
  • El YTM promedio a 15 años fue del 3.69 %.  El índice cerró >6 % menos que el 5.2 % de los días hábiles.
  • El YTM promedio a 20 años fue del 4.12 %.  El índice cerró >6 % menos que el 7.6 % de los días hábiles.

 

Con los rendimientos cerca de los máximos del ciclo y las situaciones fundamentales de las empresas en buena forma, creemos que el crédito IG ofrece una propuesta de valor atractiva.  También creemos que la desventaja para la clase de activos es limitada debido a estos elevados rendimientos.  Los rendimientos del Tesoro podrían subir a partir de aquí o podría haber un aterrizaje forzoso que podría ampliar los diferenciales de crédito, pero el impacto de esos movimientos en los rendimientos disminuye cuando el punto de partida es un rendimiento >6 %, lo que proporciona un colchón significativo para los inversores en bonos.

Creemos que los diferenciales de crédito estaban valorados de forma justa al final del trimestre.  La OAS en el índice terminó el trimestre en 121 en relación con sus promedios de 5 y 10 años de 123 y 124, respectivamente.  Los inversores son cautelosos respecto de la dirección de la economía estadounidense, por lo que creemos que podría resultar difícil un mayor ajuste de los diferenciales desde los niveles actuales.  Sin embargo, existen un par de escenarios que podrían hacer que los diferenciales se ajusten más: 1.) La curva de rendimiento continúa aumentando hasta el punto de que ya no está invertida y/o 2.) La inflación continúa cayendo, coincidiendo con un aterrizaje suave para la economía de EE. UU.  Existe también un tercer escenario, que contempla una falta de oferta de nuevos bonos hasta finales de año, lo que podría crear un desajuste entre la oferta y la demanda: si las nuevas emisiones son insuficientes para satisfacer la demanda de los inversores, entonces los diferenciales secundarios podrían reducirse en ausencia de datos económicos negativos.  Por el contrario, los diferenciales podrían ampliarse si una política monetaria restrictiva lleva a la economía a una recesión.  Creemos que el resultado más probable es que los diferenciales se negocien dentro de un rango relativamente estrecho hasta que haya más certeza entre los inversores sobre la dirección de la economía y las expectativas de inflación.  En resumen, con rendimientos elevados del Tesoro y una compensación justa por el riesgo crediticio, creemos que el crédito con grado de inversión sigue siendo atractivo.

Asignación de activos: acciones frente a bonos

A lo largo de 2023, los bonos del Tesoro han subido más, mientras que las acciones han seguido avanzando, registrando rendimientos impresionantes.  Esta acción del precio ha puesto de relieve el concepto de prima de riesgo de acciones (equity risk premium, ERP).  La ERP es el rendimiento adicional que un inversor obtiene de las acciones en comparación con los bonos por asumir un riesgo adicional en el mercado de valores.  Para decirlo en términos matemáticos, la ERP es la diferencia entre el rendimiento de las ganancias del S&P 500 y el rendimiento del Tesoro a 10 años.  El siguiente gráfico de la ERP está expresado en términos de puntos básicos.

Actualmente, la ERP se encuentra en su nivel más bajo en cualquier momento de los últimos 20 años.  ¿Fortalece esto el argumento a favor de los bonos con grado de inversión, que obtienen un diferencial superior a la tasa libre de riesgo?  Creemos que sí, pero vale la pena señalar que la ERP puede volverse negativo; fue profundamente negativo durante un período prolongado durante el período de la burbuja de las puntocom de 1998 hasta principios de 2001.

El efectivo sigue siendo atractivo, pero no tanto

La pregunta más frecuente que hemos seguido recibiendo de inversores individuales durante el año pasado es algo como esto.  

“Los rendimientos al 6 % me parecen fantásticos, pero ¿por qué debería asignarlos a bonos corporativos intermedios cuando puedo comprar un Tesoro a dos años al 5 % o un CD a 18 meses al 5.25 %?” 

Para ser claros, creemos que los inversores deberían aprovechar la dislocación en el extremo inicial de la curva de rendimiento, pero no deberían hacerlo a expensas de sus objetivos a más largo plazo.  Estas tasas altas a corto plazo son un fenómeno del ciclo de subidas de tipos de la Reserva Federal y la curva invertida podría disiparse rápidamente cuando la Reserva Federal cambie de rumbo.  Un inversor que asigna en exceso al extremo inicial de la curva corre el riesgo de perder rendimientos mayores un poco más allá de la curva.  El objetivo para la mayoría de los inversores debe ser asignar su cartera de manera que se beneficie de tasas altas a corto plazo y al mismo tiempo mantener una exposición a la parte intermedia de la curva de rendimiento para que la cartera pueda cosechar los beneficios de una curva que eventualmente se vuelve a empinar de su estado invertido actual.  Un inversor que espere el primer recorte de tipos de la Reserva Federal o espere a que esta operación sea obvia podría perderse muchos frutos maduros en lo que a rentabilidad se refiere.

El tema del riesgo de reinversión sigue siendo de gran actualidad en nuestras conversaciones con los inversores. Comuníquese con uno de nuestros asesores de clientes si desea discutir esto más a fondo o si puede ver parte de nuestro contenido anterior aquí.

Curva de crédito corporativo: un juego de espera

La curva de crédito corporativo es parte integral de nuestra estrategia en CAM.  El siguiente gráfico muestra la variación desde principios de año hasta finales del tercer trimestre tanto para la curva del Tesoro como para la curva de rendimiento corporativo.  Nuestro enfoque en CAM está en vencimientos intermedios que van de 5 a 10 años.

Tanto las curvas corporativas como las del Tesoro han subido mucho en lo que va de 2023.  Es importante señalar que, si bien la curva del Tesoro se ha mantenido invertida, la curva corporativa ha mantenido su pendiente.  Por ejemplo, aunque la curva del Tesoro 5/10 se invirtió -4pb al final del trimestre, un inversor podría esperar ganar +21pb en rendimiento adicional (en promedio) al extender desde un bono corporativo a 5 años a un bono corporativo a 10 años.  Esto equivale a una curva de crédito corporativo 5/10 de +25pb.   Para nuestros inversores actuales, actualmente mantenemos algunos vencimientos más largos de lo habitual, ya que estamos esperando pacientemente a que la curva de crédito corporativo se intensifique.  Una curva más pronunciada nos permite extraer más valor para nuestros inversores de las operaciones de extensión.  A medida que el ciclo de ajuste de la Reserva Federal llegue a su conclusión lógica, esperamos un aumento tanto en la curva del Tesoro subyacente como en la curva de crédito corporativo.  A medida que estas curvas se profundicen, los inversores que han estado con nosotros durante algún tiempo empezarán a vernos reanudar nuestras operaciones de extensión.  El siguiente gráfico de la Reserva Federal de St. Louis ofrece un buen ejemplo de cuánto más pronunciada ha sido la curva de crédito corporativo durante la mayor parte de la última década en relación con su situación actual.

La Reserva Federal: ¿ya llegamos a ese punto?

La Reserva Federal aumentó los tipos un +0.25 % en su reunión de julio, pero mantuvo los tipos estables en su reunión de septiembre.  La Reserva Federal se reúne dos veces más este año, el primer día de noviembre y nuevamente a mediados de diciembre.  El gráfico de puntos del FOMC muestra una expectativa de un aumento más de +25pb este año y recortes de -50pb el próximo año.  Al final del trimestre, los inversores asignaban una probabilidad del 39.1 % a una subida adicional de tipos para finales de año, según Fed Funds Futures. 

El mensaje de la Reserva Federal ha sido coherente últimamente, recalcando el mantra de “más alto por más tiempo”.  No creemos que sea especialmente significativo que la Reserva Federal suba las tasas una vez más, o incluso dos veces.  En cambio, creemos que los inversores en bonos deben alegrarse ante la probabilidad de que la Reserva Federal finalmente esté cerca del final de su ciclo de subidas de tipos.

Seguir trabajando duro

Fue un trimestre para olvidar para los rendimientos del crédito IG, pero la propuesta de valor a largo plazo permanece.  Incluso a pesar del movimiento masivo de los bonos del Tesoro, la clase de activos se ha mantenido en territorio positivo en el último año.  Continuaremos administrando su capital lo mejor que podamos, buscando rendimientos superiores ajustados al riesgo en medio de un panorama cada vez más volátil.  Gracias por su continuo interés y confianza.

Esta información solo tiene el propósito de dar a conocer las estrategias de inversión identificadas por Cincinnati Asset Management. Las opiniones y estimaciones ofrecidas están basadas en nuestro criterio y están sujetas a cambios sin previo aviso, al igual que las declaraciones sobre las tendencias del mercado financiero, que dependen de las condiciones actuales del mercado. Este material no tiene como objetivo ser una oferta ni una solicitud para comprar, mantener ni vender instrumentos financieros.  Los valores de renta fija pueden ser vulnerables a las tasas de interés vigentes.  Cuando las tasas aumentan, el valor suele disminuir.  El rendimiento pasado no es garantía de resultados futuros.  El rendimiento bruto de la tarifa de asesoramiento no refleja la deducción de las tarifas de asesoramiento de inversión.  Nuestras tarifas de asesoramiento se comunican en el Formulario ADV Parte 2A.  En general, las cuentas administradas mediante programas de firmas de corretaje incluyen tarifas adicionales.  Los rendimientos se calculan mensualmente en dólares estadounidenses e incluyen la reinversión de dividendos e intereses. El índice no está administrado y no considera las tarifas de la cuenta, los gastos y los costos de transacción.  Se muestra con fines comparativos y se basa en información generalmente disponible al público tomada de fuentes que se consideran confiables.  No se hace ninguna afirmación sobre su precisión o integridad.  

 

La información proporcionada en este informe no debe considerarse una recomendación para comprar o vender ningún valor en particular.  No hay garantía de que los valores que se tratan en este documento permanecerán en la cartera de una cuenta en el momento en que reciba este informe o que los valores vendidos no hayan sido vueltos a comprar.  Los valores de los que se habla no representan la cartera completa de una cuenta y, en conjunto, pueden representar solo un pequeño porcentaje de las tenencias de cartera de una cuenta.  No debe suponerse que las transacciones de valores o tenencias analizadas fueron o demostrarán ser rentables, o que las decisiones de inversión que tomemos en el futuro serán rentables o igualarán el rendimiento de la inversión de los valores discutidos en este documento.


En nuestro sitio web se encuentran disponibles las divulgaciones adicionales sobre los riesgos materiales y los posibles beneficios de invertir en bonos corporativos: https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure-statements/.

14 Jul 2023

2023 Q2 Investment Grade Quarterly

Click here to read the Spanish version / Haga clic aquí para leer la versión en español

Investment grade credit returns were softer in the second quarter, although year-to-date performance for the asset class remained in positive territory.  During the quarter, the Option Adjusted Spread (OAS) on the Bloomberg US Corporate Bond Index tightened by 15 basis points to 123 after having opened at 138.  Higher interest rates were a headwind for returns as the 10yr Treasury yield increased by 37 basis points in the period, moving from 3.47% to 3.84%.

The Corporate Index posted a quarterly total return of -0.29%.  CAM’s Investment Grade Program net of fees total return was -0.33%.

Market Update

We are enthusiastic about the compensation we are receiving for the credit risk we are taking in the investment grade bond market.  There are ample opportunities to invest in high quality companies at spreads and yields that provide attractive entry points for long term oriented total-return investors.  The yield to maturity on the Corporate Index finished the quarter at 5.48% relative to its 10yr average of 3.34%.  Receiving this type of compensation for IG credit was simply unthinkable until very recently.  This does not mean that yields cannot go higher, or that bonds cannot get cheaper, but the attractiveness of the asset class screens very favorably relative to almost any point in the past decade.

Fundamentally, IG credit is still in solid shape but we are past the peak credit conditions that we experienced at the end of 2021.  Just like consumers, companies are not immune to inflation or slowing economic growth.  Most companies have experienced rising input costs and, in many industries, wages have been growing faster than revenue since the beginning of 2022.i  Looking broadly at the entire investment grade universe, leverage has increased modestly while interest coverage ratios have declined.ii  However, there are still many individual companies that exhibit stable or improving credit metrics which is one of the things we look for as a bond manager.  For companies that are faced with declining margins or rising costs, most have numerous levers to pull in order to protect the health of their balance sheets.  For many companies, shoring up their finances is as simple as reducing shareholder returns, engaging in hiring freezes or implementing cost restructuring programs.

Technical factors have also served as a tailwind for the IG credit market in 2023.  According to data compiled by J.P. Morgan, there has been $110bln of inflows into the IG market year-to-date.  J.P. Morgan research goes on to show that this represents 67% of the $164bln of outflows that IG experienced in 2022.iii

Bottom line, yields are high, fundamentals remain strong and there is a tailwind of technical support in the market.  Taking it all together, we believe that the current environment continues to offer an opportunistic entry point for investment grade credit.

Turmoil in the Banking Industry

The turbulence that rocked the banking sector in early March feels like ancient history at this point, but investors are still feeling some pain.  Money Center bank spreads have tightened since early March while Super Regionals and Regionals are wider, in some cases meaningfully underperforming their larger peers.

The most striking observation about this chart is that, pre-crisis, the spreads of Money Center vs Regional banks were almost indistinguishable.  For example, in March 2023, J.P. Morgan had $3.3 trillion in assets while Huntington bank had $188 billion, yet investors received just 5 basis points of extra compensation for owning BAA-rated Huntington relative to A-rated J.P. Morganiv.  We do not believe that J.P. Morgan should trade anywhere close to regional banks –it should trade much tighter.  At the end of the second quarter there was a 108 basis point gulf between JPM and HBAN, which makes much more sense to us.

As we highlighted in our last commentary, CAM has always maintained a disciplined approach when it comes to banking exposure.  The above chart is not meant to be a recommendation to buy or sell any security but each of the 11 banks that we hold in our portfolio is featured.  We have traditionally eschewed regional banks as our analysis favors larger banks with broadly diversified revenue streams and geographically diverse lending footprints.  Based on our internal analysis, we remain very comfortable with the financial wherewithal of the banks that populate our investor portfolios.

Cash is King

Fed policy has created an opportunity for investors to earn a return on cash and short term investments for the first time in many years.  We believe that investors should be taking full advantage of this phenomenon because it could be a fleeting opportunity.  Locking in a short term yield of more than 4% while taking minimal credit risk is a no-brainer but we would also emphasize that investors still need to be wary of reinvestment risk when evaluating longer term goals.  Consider the following example.

An investor owns a one year CD that pays 5%.  If interest rates fall 150 basis points over the course of the next year as that CD matures it can only be reinvested at 3.5% into a new one year CD at maturity.  The investor will have earned a total return of 5% over their one year holding period.

Now consider an investment grade rated bond portfolio yielding 5.5%. The Bloomberg US Corporate Bond Index had a duration of 7.1 and a yield of 5.5% at the end of the second quarter of 2023 and would have earned a one-year total return of approximately +16.2% in our scenario where interest rates experience a 150 basis point linear decline (5.5% yield + 7.1 duration multiplied by 1.5% decline in interest rates).  To be clear, the investor takes two additional risks by owning bonds in lieu of a CD: interest rate risk and credit risk but they also take less reinvestment risk.  As usual, there is no free lunch on Wall Street.  The purpose of this example is to show that investors with longer term goals may not be better off replacing their bond portfolios with juicy short term yields because it could impair their ability to earn attractive total returns over a longer time horizon.  That being said, investors should absolutely be taking advantage of elevated short term rates for the cash allocation in their overall investment portfolio.

The CAM investment grade strategy is intermediate duration in nature; thus we take a particular interest in the current inversion of the yield curve.  The 2/10 Treasury curve finished the second quarter near its most deeply inverted point of this hiking cycle.  The 2/10 curve briefly inverted for the first time on April 1st 2022 but quickly returned to a positive slope before inverting again on July 5th 2022 and has remained so.  We have written before about the longest 2/10 inversion on record which lasted 21 months from August 1978 until April 1980.  This was a unique time where the economy suffered a brief recession in the first half of 1980 followed by a more painful recession that began in July of 1981 and lasted more than a year.  It is remarkable just how quickly the 2/10s curve went from a deeply inverted level of -241 basis points in March of 1980 to more than +100 basis points of positive slope by early June of that year.  This was a 350 basis point move in less than three months!  The catalysts for this change in the yield curve were significant Fed rate cuts in May and June of that year.  We do not want to draw too many parallels with our current situation but there are other periods of inversion throughout history that have shown similar turnarounds.  In the current cycle, the 2/10 curve has been inverted for either 15 months or 12 months at this point, as there is some debate as to whether the April 2022 or July 2022 should mark the beginning of the current inversion.  History shows that curves will revert to a positive slope over longer time horizons and we are confident that we are closer to the end of this inversion than we are to the beginning.  An upward sloping curve will allow us to be more effective in capturing total return opportunities for our investors, particularly for those more seasoned, fully-invested accounts that have been with us for some time.  The bar for economic sale and extension trades is much higher with an inverted curve whereas those opportunities are plentiful when the curve has a positive slope.  We ask current investors in seasoned accounts to be patient: if you aren’t seeing much sale activity in your account it is because we don’t believe it makes sense to print extension trades with inadequate compensation for our sale candidates.  We would expect that this could change quickly as the inversion reverses and those accounts could then see a flurry of sale and extend activity.  For new portfolios, the inversion is actually quite positive as it has created some dislocation in the secondary market and allowed us to consistently find attractive intermediate duration opportunities that are more difficult to come by when the curve has a positive slope.

FOMC Making Progress

The Federal Reserve held rates steady at its June meeting for the first time in the current 15-month long tightening cycle.  This pause came after 10 consecutive hikes (the Fed does not meet every month during the calendar year) that ranged from 0.25% to 0.75%.  Restrictive monetary policy has begun to impact the economy as inflation has been easing and the labor market, while resilient, is less tight today than it has been for most of the past few years.  Core PCE, the Fed’s preferred measure of inflation, fell to 4.6% through the end of May, a welcome relief after spending much of 2022 above 5%.

While there has been progress, inflation remains sticky and it is still uncomfortably high for most consumers and policymakers.  In his recent speeches and interviews, Chairman Powell has signaled that officials will probably need to raise the policy rate at least twice more in 2023, although forecasts have not always been a good indicator of what actually transpires.v  Recall the “transitory inflation” argument employed by the Fed throughout 2021 to describe elevated prices that were expected to be temporary.  The argument made sense at the time as supply chains were in disarray and consumers were in the midst of revenge spending.  We too initially believed it was a credible thesis, but by the time it was clear that elevated prices had staying power, it was too late.  The Fed, by its own admission, simply wasn’t nimble and did not respond quickly enough with rate hikes.  It is easy to see this now with the benefit of hindsight but the Fed could have made much more headway in its fight against inflation if it would have started increasing its policy rate in the latter half of 2021 or even a month or two earlier in 2022.  We also remind investors that in June 2022 the Fed’s dot plot implied a June 2023 target rate of 3.75% versus an actual rate of 5.25% at the end of June 2023.  We are not citing these examples to show that the Fed is ineffective or lacks credibility, but instead merely pointing out that Fed forecasts are not prophecy.  The Fed is faced with a difficult task, making policy decisions based on backward looking economic data.  The economic environment can change quickly and the Fed is doing its best to respond in real time.  We believe that the health of the labor market will be the primary decision input used by the Fed for any further rate hikes and it will also be the guidepost for eventual cuts. If the labor market remains stubbornly tight then Chairman Powell’s prediction of two (or more) additional rate hikes is very likely to come to fruition.  Policymakers are keen to avoid the missteps that led to two recessions in the early 1980s and it is becoming increasingly clear to us that the current Fed is willing to take things just a little too far to ensure that it accomplishes its goal.  If the Fed can manufacture a scenario where inflation reaches its target rate and the U.S. economy avoids a recession then it will have worked a near-miracle.  We believe that there are other factors on the horizon that could serve to further ease inflation but they could also hasten the prospect of a recession if the Fed keeps rates “higher for longer.”

 

Much has been written about aggregate excess savings that consumers accumulated in 2020 and 2021.  Research from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (FRBSF) covered this topic in a May 2023 Economic letter.  Excess savings reached a peak of $2.1 trillion through August 2021 and have since experienced cumulative drawdowns of $1.6 trillion through March 2023 with approximately $500 billion in excess savings remaining at that timevi.  FRBSF estimated that the remaining excess savings would likely continue to support household spending into the fourth quarter of 2023 or possibly into 2024 and beyond.  The length of support is dependent on drawdown rates and household preferences for savings increases.  The big question is what happens to the economy when this excess savings is eliminated?  In our view, consumer spending will likely slow as these savings continue to dwindle.  Another item that we are monitoring is the resumption of student loan payments.  There are still many moving pieces and the Supreme Court only just recently overruled the Biden administration’s student-loan relief plan.  What we know today is that student loan payments are set to resume on August 30th and economists estimate borrowers will be collectively paying $5-$10 billion per month to service student loan debtvii.  According to the Wall Street Journal, for context, consumers spend $35 billion per month on clothing and department stores per Census Bureau data.  Resuming student loan payments will not cripple the economy by itself but it creates a meaningful spending headwind for tens of millions of borrowers.  Taken together, these are some of the reasons that we believe that the probability of a US recession remains elevated.

Best is yet to Come

It wasn’t the greatest single quarter for performance but year-to-date returns have been solid thus far in 2023 and IG credit is in a much better place than it was a year ago.   We feel strongly about the opportunity in IG-credit at current valuations.  If the economy goes into a recession, then spreads will almost certainly go wider, but when the starting point is a yield of ~5.5%, the risk of wider spreads is mitigated just by virtue of a higher level of compensation. Investors that are zero weight or underinvested in this asset class may want to take a hard look at increasing allocations as we think this has the potential to be a once in 10-years type of opportunity.  Thank you for your continued interest – please do not hesitate to contact us if you have questions or if you would like to discuss the current state of the credit markets.

This information is intended solely to report on investment strategies identified by Cincinnati Asset Management. Opinions and estimates offered constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice, as are statements of financial market trends, which are based on current market conditions. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation to buy, hold or sell any financial instrument.  Fixed income securities may be sensitive to prevailing interest rates.  When rates rise the value generally declines.  Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.  Gross of advisory fee performance does not reflect the deduction of investment advisory fees.  Our advisory fees are disclosed in Form ADV Part 2A.  Accounts managed through brokerage firm programs usually will include additional fees.  Returns are calculated monthly in U.S. dollars and include reinvestment of dividends and interest. The index is unmanaged and does not take into account fees, expenses, and transaction costs.  It is shown for comparative purposes and is based on information generally available to the public from sources believed to be reliable.  No representation is made to its accuracy or completeness. 

 

The information provided in this report should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security.  There is no assurance that any securities discussed herein will remain in an account’s portfolio at the time you receive this report or that securities sold have not been repurchased.  The securities discussed do not represent an account’s entire portfolio and in the aggregate may represent only a small percentage of an account’s portfolio holdings.  It should not be assumed that any of the securities transactions or holdings discussed were or will prove to be profitable, or that the investment decisions we make in the future will be profitable or will equal the investment performance of the securities discussed herein.


Additional disclosures on the material risks and potential benefits of investing in corporate bonds are available on our website:
https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure-statements/.

i Source 1.) S&P 500 23Q1 Earnings Growth Rate of -0.7% y/y, -0.4% q/q per Refinitiv Lipper Data.  Source 2.) Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Wage Growth Tracker: Monthly three-month moving average of median hourly wage growth data has been greater or equal to 6% since April 2022.

ii J.P. Morgan, June 23 2023, “Credit Market Outlook & Strategy, 2023 Mid-year Outlook: Running to stand still”

iii J.P. Morgan, June 23 2023, “Credit Market Outlook & Strategy, 2023 Mid-year Outlook: Running to stand still”

iv Federal Reserve Statistical Release, March 31 2023, “Insured U.S.-Chartered Commercial Banks That Have Consolidated Assets of $300 Million or More, Ranked by Consolidated Assets”, https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/lbr/current/

v Bloomberg News, June 29 2023, “Fed’s Bostic Says Powell Sees More Urgency to Hike Than He Does”

vi Research from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, May 8 2023, “FRBSF Economic Letter: The Rise and Fall of Pandemic Excess Savings”

vii The Wall Street Journal, June 16 2023, “Student-Loan Repayments Are Coming Back.  Retailers Are in for a Big Shock.”

13 Jul 2023

COMENTARIO DEL SEGUNDO TRIMESTRE

Los rendimientos del crédito con grado de inversión fueron más débiles en el segundo trimestre, aunque el rendimiento del año hasta la fecha para la clase de activos se mantuvo en territorio positivo. Durante el trimestre, el diferencial ajustado por opciones (Option Adjusted Spread, OAS) en el índice de bonos corporativos de EE. UU. de Bloomberg se redujo en 15 puntos básicos y llegó a 123 después de haber abierto el año con un OAS de 138. Las tasas de interés más altas fueron un obstáculo para los rendimientos, ya que el rendimiento del Tesoro a 10 años aumentó 37 puntos básicos en el período, y pasó del 3.47 % al 3.84 %.

El índice corporativo registró un rendimiento total de todo el trimestre de -0.29 %. La rentabilidad total neta de comisiones del programa de grado de inversión de Cincinnati Asset Management, Inc. (CAM) fue del -0.33 %.

Actualización de mercado

Estamos entusiasmados con la compensación que estamos recibiendo por el riesgo crediticio que hemos tomado en el mercado de bonos de grado de inversión. Hay amplias oportunidades para invertir en empresas de alta calidad con diferenciales y rendimientos que proporcionan puntos de entrada atractivos para los inversores de rendimiento total orientados a largo plazo. El rendimiento al vencimiento del índice corporativo terminó el trimestre en 5.48 % en relación con su promedio de 10 años de 3.34 %. Recibir este tipo de compensación por crédito de grado de inversión (Investment Grade, IG) era simplemente impensable hasta hace muy poco. Esto no significa que los rendimientos no puedan subir más, o que los bonos no puedan abaratarse, pero el atractivo de la clase de activos se muestra de manera muy favorable en relación con casi cualquier punto de la última década.

En esencia, el crédito IG todavía está en forma sólida, pero hemos superado las condiciones crediticias máximas que experimentamos a finales de 2021. Al igual que los consumidores, las empresas no son inmunes a la inflación ni a la desaceleración del crecimiento económico. La mayoría de las empresas han tenido un aumento en los costos de los insumos y, en muchas industrias, los salarios han crecido más rápido que los ingresos desde principios de 2022.i Mirando en términos generales todo el universo de grado de inversión, el apalancamiento ha aumentado de manera modesta, mientras que los índices de cobertura de intereses han disminuido.ii Sin embargo, todavía hay muchas empresas individuales que exhiben métricas crediticias estables o en mejora, que es una de las cosas que buscamos como gestores de bonos. Para las empresas que se enfrentan a márgenes decrecientes o costos crecientes, la mayoría tiene numerosas palancas para proteger la salud de sus balances. Para muchas empresas, reforzar sus finanzas es tan simple como reducir los rendimientos de los accionistas, congelar las contrataciones o implementar programas de reestructuración de costos.

Los factores técnicos también han servido como viento a favor para el mercado de crédito IG en 2023. Según los datos recopilados por JP Morgan, ha habido $110 mil millones de entradas en el mercado de IG en lo que va del año. La investigación de JP Morgan continúa mostrando que esto representa el 67 % de los $ 164 mil millones de salidas que IG experimentó en 2022.iii

En pocas palabras, los rendimientos son altos, los fundamentos siguen siendo sólidos y hay un viento a favor para el soporte técnico en el mercado. En conjunto, creemos que el entorno actual continúa ofreciendo un punto de entrada oportunista para el crédito de grado de inversión.

Agitación en la industria bancaria

La turbulencia que sacudió el sector bancario a principios de marzo parece historia antigua en este momento, pero los inversores todavía sienten algo de dolor. Los diferenciales bancarios de Money Center se han ajustado desde principios de marzo, mientras que los superregionales y los regionales son más amplios, en algunos casos con un desempeño significativamente inferior al de sus pares más grandes.

La observación más llamativa de este gráfico es que, antes de la crisis, los diferenciales de los bancos Money Center y Regional eran casi indistinguibles. Por ejemplo, en marzo de 2023, JP Morgan tenía $3.3 billones en activos, mientras que el banco Huntington tenía $188 mil millones, pero los inversores recibieron solo 5 puntos básicos de compensación
adicional por poseer Huntington con calificación BAA en relación con JP Morgan con calificación A. iv. No creemos que JP Morgan deba negociar en ningún lugar cerca de los bancos regionales; debería negociar de manera mucho más estricta. Al final del segundo trimestre había una brecha de 108 puntos básicos entre JPM (JP Morgan) y HBAN (Huntington Bancshares), lo que tiene mucho más sentido para nosotros.

Como destacamos en nuestro último comentario, CAM siempre ha mantenido un enfoque disciplinado en lo que respecta a la exposición bancaria. El gráfico anterior no pretende ser una recomendación para comprar o vender ningún valor, pero se presenta cada uno de los 11 bancos que tenemos en nuestra cartera. Tradicionalmente hemos evitado los bancos regionales, ya que nuestro análisis favorece a los bancos más grandes con flujos de ingresos ampliamente diversificados y huellas crediticias geográficamente diversas. Según nuestro análisis interno, nos sentimos muy cómodos con los medios financieros de los bancos que llenan nuestras carteras de inversores.

El efectivo es el rey

La política de la Reserva Federal ha creado una oportunidad para que los inversionistas obtengan un rendimiento en efectivo e inversiones a corto plazo por primera vez en muchos años. Creemos que los inversores deberían aprovechar al máximo este fenómeno porque podría ser una oportunidad fugaz. Asegurar un rendimiento a corto plazo de más del 4 % mientras se asume un riesgo crediticio mínimo es una obviedad, pero también enfatizamos que los inversores aún deben tener cuidado con el riesgo de reinversión al evaluar objetivos a más largo plazo. Considere el siguiente ejemplo.

Un inversionista posee un certificado de depósito (CD) de un año que paga el 5 %. Si las tasas de interés caen 150 puntos básicos en el transcurso del próximo año a medida que vence el CD, solo se puede reinvertir al 3.5 % en un nuevo CD de un año al vencimiento. El inversor habrá obtenido un rendimiento total del 5 % durante su período de tenencia de un año.

Ahora considere una cartera de bonos con calificación de grado de inversión con un rendimiento del 5.5 %. El índice de bonos corporativos de EE. UU. de Bloomberg tenía una duración de 7.1 y un rendimiento del 5.5 % al final del segundo trimestre de 2023 y habría obtenido un rendimiento total a un año de aproximadamente +16.2 % en nuestro escenario, donde las tasas de interés experimentan una disminución lineal de 150 puntos básicos (5.5 % de rendimiento + 7.1 de duración multiplicado por 1.5 % de disminución de las tasas de interés). Para ser claros, el inversionista asume dos riesgos adicionales al poseer bonos en lugar de un CD: riesgo de tasa de interés y riesgo crediticio, pero también asume menos riesgo de reinversión. Como de costumbre, no hay almuerzo gratis en Wall Street. El propósito de este ejemplo es mostrar que los inversionistas con objetivos a más largo plazo pueden no estar mejor reemplazando sus carteras de bonos con jugosos rendimientos a corto plazo porque podría afectar su capacidad de obtener rendimientos totales atractivos en un horizonte de tiempo más largo. Dicho esto, los inversores deberían aprovechar absolutamente las tasas elevadas a corto plazo para la asignación de efectivo en su cartera de inversión general.

La estrategia de grado de inversión CAM es de naturaleza de duración intermedia; por lo tanto, tomamos un interés particular en la inversión actual de la curva de rendimiento. La curva del Tesoro de 2/10 años terminó el segundo trimestre cerca de su punto más profundamente invertido de este ciclo de alzas. La curva 2/10 años se invirtió brevemente por primera vez el 1.º de abril de 2022, pero volvió rápidamente a una pendiente positiva antes de invertirse de nuevo el 5 de julio de 2022 y se ha mantenido así. Hemos escrito antes sobre la inversión 2/10 años más larga registrada que duró 21 meses desde agosto de 1978 hasta abril de 1980. Este fue un momento único en el que la economía sufrió una breve recesión en la primera mitad de 1980 seguida de una recesión más dolorosa que comenzó en julio de 1981 y duró más de un año. Es notable lo rápido que la curva de 2/10 años pasó de un nivel profundamente invertido de -241 puntos básicos en marzo de 1980 a más de +100 puntos básicos de pendiente positiva a principios de junio de ese año. ¡Este fue un movimiento de 350 puntos básicos en menos de tres meses! Los catalizadores de este cambio en la curva de rendimiento fueron los importantes recortes de tasas de la Reserva Federal en mayo y junio de ese año. No queremos trazar demasiados paralelismos con nuestra situación actual, pero hay otros períodos de inversión a lo largo de la historia que han mostrado giros similares. En el ciclo actual, la curva de 2/10 años se ha invertido durante 15 meses o 12 meses en este punto, ya que existe cierto debate sobre si abril de 2022 o julio de 2022 deberían marcar el comienzo de la inversión actual. La historia muestra que las curvas volverán a una pendiente positiva en horizontes de tiempo más largos y estamos seguros de que estamos más cerca del final de esta inversión que del comienzo. Una curva con pendiente ascendente nos permitirá ser más efectivos en la captura de oportunidades de rendimiento total para nuestros inversores, particularmente para aquellas cuentas más experimentadas y totalmente invertidas que han estado con nosotros durante algún tiempo. La barra para la venta económica y los intercambios de extensión es mucho más alta con una curva invertida, mientras que esas oportunidades son abundantes cuando la curva tiene una pendiente positiva. Pedimos paciencia a los inversores actuales en cuentas experimentadas: si no ve mucha actividad de venta en su cuenta es porque no creemos que tenga sentido imprimir operaciones de extensión con una compensación inadecuada para nuestros candidatos de venta. Esperaríamos que esto pudiera cambiar rápidamente a medida que la inversión se revierte y esas cuentas podrían ver una ráfaga de ventas y extender la actividad. Para las carteras nuevas, la inversión es en realidad bastante positiva, ya que ha creado cierta dislocación en el mercado secundario y nos ha permitido encontrar constantemente oportunidades atractivas de duración intermedia que son más difíciles de conseguir cuando la curva tiene una pendiente positiva.

El Comité Federal del Mercado Abierto (Federal Open Market Committee, FOMC) avanza

La Reserva Federal mantuvo las tasas estables en su reunión de junio por primera vez en el actual ciclo de endurecimiento de 15 meses. Esta pausa se produjo tras 10 subidas consecutivas (la Reserva Federal no se reúne todos los meses del año natural) que oscilaron entre el 0.25 % y el 0.75 %. La política monetaria restrictiva ha comenzado a afectar la economía a medida que la inflación se ha ido moderando y el mercado laboral, aunque resistente, está menos ajustado hoy de lo que ha estado durante la mayor parte de los últimos años. El gasto personal (Personal Consumption Expenditure, PCE) básico, la medida de inflación preferida por la Reserva Federal, cayó al 4.6 % hasta finales de mayo, un alivio bienvenido después de pasar gran parte de 2022 por encima del 5 %.

Si bien ha habido progreso, la inflación sigue estancada y sigue siendo incómodamente alta para la mayoría de los consumidores y los encargados de formular políticas. En sus discursos y entrevistas recientes, el presidente Powell ha señalado que los funcionarios probablemente necesitarán aumentar la tasa de política monetaria al menos dos veces más en 2023, aunque los pronósticos no siempre han sido un buen indicador de lo que realmente sucede.v Recordemos el argumento de “inflación transitoria” empleado por la Reserva Federal a lo largo de 2021 para describir precios elevados que se esperaba que fueran temporales. El argumento tenía sentido en ese momento, ya que las cadenas de suministro estaban desordenadas y los consumidores estaban en medio de un gasto de venganza. Nosotros también creímos inicialmente que era una tesis creíble, pero cuando quedó claro que los precios elevados tenían poder de permanencia, ya era demasiado tarde. La Reserva Federal, por su propia admisión, simplemente no fue ágil y no respondió con la suficiente rapidez con aumentos de tasas. Es fácil ver esto ahora con el beneficio de la retrospectiva, pero la Reserva Federal podría haber avanzado mucho más en su lucha contra la inflación si hubiera comenzado a aumentar su tasa de política en la segunda mitad de 2021 o incluso uno o dos meses antes en 2022. También recordamos a los inversores que en junio de 2022 el gráfico de puntos de la Reserva Federal implicaba una tasa objetivo de junio de 2023 del 3.75 % frente a una tasa real del 5.25 % a fines de junio de 2023. No estamos citando estos ejemplos para mostrar que la Reserva Federal es ineficaz o carece de credibilidad, sino que simplemente señalamos que sus previsiones no son profecías. La Reserva Federal se enfrenta a una tarea difícil y toma decisiones políticas basadas en datos económicos retrospectivos. El entorno económico puede cambiar rápidamente y la Reserva Federal está haciendo todo lo posible para responder en tiempo real. Creemos que la salud del mercado laboral será el factor de decisión principal utilizado por la Reserva Federal para cualquier otra subida de tipos y también será la guía para eventuales recortes. Si el mercado laboral sigue obstinadamente ajustado, es muy probable que la predicción del presidente Powell de dos (o más) aumentos de tasas adicionales se haga realidad. Los formuladores de políticas están ansiosos por evitar los pasos en falso que condujeron a dos recesiones a principios de la década de 1980 y cada vez es más claro para nosotros que la Reserva Federal actual está dispuesta a llevar las cosas un poco demasiado lejos para garantizar que logre su objetivo. Si la Reserva Federal puede desarrollar un escenario en el que la inflación alcance su tasa objetivo y la economía de los EE. UU. evite una recesión, habrá funcionado casi como un milagro. Creemos que hay otros factores en el horizonte que podrían servir para aliviar aún más la inflación, pero también podrían acelerar la perspectiva de una recesión si la Reserva Federal mantiene las tasas “más altas por más tiempo”.

Mucho se ha escrito sobre el exceso de ahorro agregado que los consumidores acumularon en 2020 y 2021. La investigación del Banco de la Reserva Federal de San Francisco (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, FRBSF) cubrió este tema en una carta económica de mayo de 2023. El exceso de ahorro alcanzó un máximo de $2.1 billones hasta agosto de 2021 y desde entonces ha experimentado reducciones acumuladas de $1.6 billones hasta marzo de 2023 con aproximadamente $500 mil millones en exceso de ahorro restantes en ese momentovi. El FRBSF estimó que el exceso de ahorro restante probablemente continuaría respaldando el gasto de los hogares hasta el cuarto trimestre de 2023 o posiblemente hasta 2024 y más allá. La duración del apoyo depende de las tasas de retiro y las preferencias de los hogares para aumentar los ahorros. La gran pregunta es ¿qué sucede con la economía cuando se elimina este exceso de ahorro? En nuestra opinión, es probable que el gasto de los consumidores se desacelere a medida que estos ahorros continúen disminuyendo. Otro elemento que estamos monitoreando es la reanudación de los pagos de préstamos estudiantiles. Todavía hay muchas piezas en movimiento y la Corte Suprema anuló recientemente el plan de alivio de préstamos estudiantiles de la administración Biden. Lo que sabemos hoy es que los pagos de préstamos estudiantiles se reanudarán el 30 de agosto y los economistas estiman que los prestatarios pagarán colectivamente entre $5 y $10 mil millones por mes para pagar la deuda de préstamos estudiantiles.vii. Según el Wall Street Journal, por contexto, los consumidores gastan $35 mil millones por mes en ropa y tiendas departamentales según los datos de la Oficina del Censo. La reanudación de los pagos de los préstamos estudiantiles no paralizará la economía por sí sola, pero crea un obstáculo significativo para el gasto de decenas de millones de prestatarios. En conjunto, estas son algunas de las razones por las que creemos que la probabilidad de una recesión en EE. UU. sigue siendo elevada.

Lo mejor está por venir
No fue el mejor trimestre individual para el rendimiento, pero los rendimientos del año hasta la fecha han sido sólidos hasta ahora en 2023 y el crédito de IG está en un lugar mucho mejor que hace un año. Estamos convencidos de la oportunidad que ofrece el crédito IG con las valoraciones actuales. Si la economía entra en recesión, es casi seguro que los diferenciales se ampliarán, pero cuando el punto de partida es un rendimiento de ~5.5 %, el riesgo de diferenciales más amplios se mitiga solo en virtud de un mayor nivel de compensación. Los inversores que no tienen ponderación o que no han invertido lo suficiente en esta clase de activos pueden querer analizar con atención el aumento de las asignaciones, ya que creemos que esto tiene el potencial de ser una oportunidad única cada 10 años. Gracias por su continuo interés. No dude en comunicarse con nosotros si tiene preguntas o si desea hablar sobre el estado actual de los mercados crediticios.

Esta información solo tiene el propósito de dar a conocer las estrategias de inversión identificadas por Cincinnati Asset Management. Las opiniones y estimaciones ofrecidas están basadas en nuestro criterio y están sujetas a cambios sin previo aviso, al igual que las declaraciones sobre las tendencias del mercado financiero, que dependen de las condiciones actuales del mercado. Este material no tiene como objetivo ser una oferta ni una solicitud para comprar, mantener ni vender instrumentos financieros. Los valores de renta fija pueden ser vulnerables a las tasas de interés vigentes. Cuando las tasas aumentan, el valor suele disminuir. El rendimiento pasado no es garantía de resultados futuros. El rendimiento bruto de la tarifa de asesoramiento no refleja la deducción de las tarifas de asesoramiento de inversión. Nuestras tarifas de asesoramiento se comunican en el Formulario ADV Parte 2A. En general, las cuentas administradas mediante programas de firmas de corretaje incluyen tarifas adicionales. Los rendimientos se calculan mensualmente en dólares estadounidenses e incluyen la reinversión de dividendos e intereses. El índice no está administrado y no considera las tarifas de la cuenta, los gastos y los costos de transacción. Se muestra con fines comparativos y se basa en información generalmente disponible al público tomada de fuentes que se consideran confiables. No se hace ninguna afirmación sobre su precisión o integridad.
La información proporcionada en este informe no debe considerarse una recomendación para comprar o vender ningún valor en particular. No hay garantía de que los valores que se tratan en este documento permanecerán en la cartera de una cuenta en el momento en que reciba este informe o que los valores vendidos no hayan sido vueltos a comprar. Los valores de los que se habla no representan la cartera completa de una cuenta y, en conjunto, pueden representar solo un pequeño porcentaje de las tenencias de cartera de una cuenta. No debe suponerse que las transacciones de valores o tenencias analizadas fueron o demostrarán ser rentables, o que las decisiones de inversión que tomemos en el futuro serán rentables o igualarán el rendimiento de la inversión de los valores discutidos en este documento.
En nuestro sitio web se encuentran disponibles las divulgaciones adicionales sobre los riesgos materiales y los beneficios potenciales de invertir en bonos corporativos: https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure-statements/.

i Source 1.) S&P 500 23Q1 Earnings Growth Rate of -0.7% y/y, -0.4% q/q per Refinitiv Lipper Data.  Source 2.) Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Wage Growth Tracker: Monthly three-month moving average of median hourly wage growth data has been greater or equal to 6% since April 2022.

ii J.P. Morgan, June 23 2023, “Credit Market Outlook & Strategy, 2023 Mid-year Outlook: Running to stand still”

iii J.P. Morgan, June 23 2023, “Credit Market Outlook & Strategy, 2023 Mid-year Outlook: Running to stand still”

iv Federal Reserve Statistical Release, March 31 2023, “Insured U.S.-Chartered Commercial Banks That Have Consolidated Assets of $300 Million or More, Ranked by Consolidated Assets”, https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/lbr/current/

v Bloomberg News, June 29 2023, “Fed’s Bostic Says Powell Sees More Urgency to Hike Than He Does”

vi Research from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, May 8 2023, “FRBSF Economic Letter: The Rise and Fall of Pandemic Excess Savings”

vii The Wall Street Journal, June 16 2023, “Student-Loan Repayments Are Coming Back.  Retailers Are in for a Big Shock.”

11 Apr 2023

2023 Q1 Investment Grade Quarterly

Investment grade credit posted solid positive total returns to start 2023. During the first quarter, the Option Adjusted Spread (OAS) on the Bloomberg US Corporate Bond Index widened by 8 basis points to 138 after having opened the year at 130. With wider spreads, positive performance during the quarter was driven by coupon income and a rally in Treasuries with the 10yr Treasury finishing the quarter at 3.47%, 41 basis points lower year‐to‐date.

During the first quarter the Corporate Index posted a total return of +3.50%. CAM’s Investment Grade Program net of fees total return during the quarter was +3.41%.

Investment Grade is Fashionable Again

In our last commentary we wrote that total returns for investment grade credit may be poised to rebound from the depths. The Corporate Index has now posted two consecutive quarters of positive total returns with 4Q2022 and 1Q2023 coming in at +3.63% and +3.50%, respectively. 2022 was the worst full year total return for IG credit on record (‐15.76%) and November 7th was the bottom from a performance perspective. Since November 7th the Corporate Index has posted a positive total return of +8.89%, illustrating just how quickly market temperament can change; which is one of the reasons we caution against trying to time the market.

Short term Treasuries are currently available at some of the highest yields in years. The 2‐year Treasury closed the first quarter of 2023 at 4.03% and we believe that short duration Treasuries are an attractive cash alternative. While short term rates may be an attractive place to park some cash, we do not believe that they are a suitable replacement for an intermediate corporate bond portfolio for most investors due to the high degree of reinvestment risk incurred. When the Federal Reserve pivots and begins to cut its policy rate short term Treasury yields are likely to follow. At that point, an investor looking to replace their short‐term Treasuries may find that intermediate credit has since rallied significantly on a relative basis making the entry point for IG credit potentially less attractive than it is today. By eschewing intermediate corporates and limiting fixed income allocations to short duration assets an investor risks giving up a meaningful amount of total return potential. For certain asset classes, tactical positioning and attempts at market timing may well be a beneficial endeavor. However, we do not think that Investment Grade credit is one of those asset classes. We instead maintain that it is more effective for investors with medium or longer term time horizons to view IG credit in a strategic manner, and to give the asset class a permanent allocation of capital within a well‐diversified investment portfolio.

Money & Banking

Given the turmoil in the Banking industry we thought it would be instructive to comment on CAM’s exposure and investment philosophy as it pertains to the Financial Institutions sector.

The Finance sector comprises a large portion of the Corporate Index, with a 33.07% weighting within the index at the end of the first quarter 2023. Banking was the largest industry within the Finance sector with a 23.22% index weighting. The remaining industries that make up the balance of the Finance sector are Brokerage & Asset Managers, Finance Companies, Insurance, REITs and Other Finance. CAM has always sought to limit each client portfolio to a 30% (or less) weighting within the Finance sector to ensure that each portfolio is properly diversified from a risk management standpoint. At the end of the first quarter, CAM’s portfolio had just under a 20% exposure to the Banking industry while the rest of our Financial sector exposure was comprised of P&C Insurance (three companies) and REITs (two companies).

As far as exposure to the Banking industry is concerned, CAM is highly selective with investments in just 11 banks at the end of the first quarter 2023. Our disciplined approach to the Banking industry has always been to focus on well managed highly capitalized institutions that have broadly diversified revenue streams and geographically diverse lending footprints. The fundamental nature of CAM’s investment philosophy and bottom up research process excludes specialty banks and regional banks because their loan portfolios have outsize exposure to particular industries or their footprints are too concentrated. We apply the same type of rigorous analysis to our Finance exposure in both the Insurance and REIT industries. As a result, we have a high degree of confidence in our investments within the Financial Institutions sector.

Aversion to Inversion

We continue to receive questions from investors about the inverted yield curve and its impact on the portfolio. There are two major themes to discuss.

  1. For new accounts, the inversion has brought good fortune, creating an attractive entry point; and seasoned accounts enjoy this same benefit as they make additional purchases. The inverted curve has consistently created situations where it is opportunistic to buy shorter intermediate bonds that we believe are likely to perform well as the curve normalizes over time. We have been able to purchase bonds that mature in 7‐8 years at prices that are attractive relative to 9‐10 year bonds. This results in a lower overall duration for the client portfolio and less interest rate risk. These types of opportunities are much more fleeting during environments with normalized upward sloping Treasury curves.
  2. For seasoned accounts or those that are fully invested, they will find that our holding period will be longer than usual. This is because the yield curve inversion has resulted in less attractive economics for extension trades. Rather than selling bonds at the 5‐year mark, as we typically would, we will continue to hold those bonds and collect coupon income while we wait for curve normalization. We will exude patience, constantly monitoring the landscape for extension opportunities to present themselves, meaning we are likely to hold existing bonds until there are 3 or 4 years left to maturity so long as the curve remains inverted.

Treasury curves will normalize –they always have. Historically, curve inversions have been brief in nature with the longest period of inversion on record for 2/10s being 21 months from August 1978 until April 1980.i  The current 2/10 curve inversion began on July 5 2022 and was at its most deeply inverted point of ‐107 bps on March 8, 2023 before sharply reversing course to finish the quarter at ‐55 bps. The most likely catalyst for an upward sloping yield curve is a Fed easing cycle and a decrease in the Federal Funds Rate. The mere anticipation of a pause in the hiking cycle could be enough for the market to begin the process of returning to a more normalized Treasury curve.

Market Conditions & New Issuance

Demand for investment grade credit has been consistently strong to start the year. According to sources compiled by Wells Fargo, IG funds reported $62.1bln of inflows year‐to‐date through March 15.ii We have observed this demand and its associated impact on pricing in the primary market, from large institutional buyers in particular. Our invest‐up period for a new account averages 8 to 10 weeks. For new accounts we historically have been very consistent in that we have been able to find compelling opportunities in the primary market so that a new account could expect to have 30‐35% of its portfolio populated by new issuance. Seasoned accounts too could expect to purchase new issuance from time to time as coupon income is received within those accounts and cash builds to the point that the account is ready to make a purchase.

Let’s walk through the mechanics of what we are currently observing within the primary market:

A company and its investment bankers, in a normalized market with a balanced level of demand, could expect to pay what we call a “new issue concession” to investors in order to incentivize them to purchase a newly issued bond. For example, if a company has a 9‐year bond outstanding that trades at a spread of 100/10yr then it would be entirely reasonable for an investor to expect to be paid 115/10yr to compensate for the additional duration incurred as well as some compensation in the form of extra spread to incent the investor to buy the new bond. New issue concessions change frequently and are based on market dynamics including the state of the economy, geopolitical issues, overall demand for credit, as well as characteristics of the issuing company and prevailing opinion of its’ credit worthiness. Sometimes new issue concessions can be very attractive and other times they can be flat or even negative.

Throughout the first quarter we observed a high frequency of flat/negative new issue concessions which made for situations where the secondary bonds of a given issuer were more attractive than the new bonds. Sometimes this meant that the secondary bonds were an opportunistic investment relative to the new bond but other times it meant that both secondary and the new bonds were fairly or overvalued based on our analysis. The reasoning to purchase a 10yr bond that offers less yield than an 8yr bond may seem counterintuitive, but the rationale lies in how we consider the constraints placed upon investors in the corporate bond market. Bonds are finite, trade over the counter (not on an exchange) and are less liquid than equities. There is a major problem that a willing buyer of a bond may face from time to time –what if there are no willing sellers? Complicating matters for the buyer in our example –what if the buyer has a lot of cash that needs to be invested? This is the phenomenon that we are observing currently; very large buyers that are willing to “pay‐up” in order to get money to work. The large buyer cannot just go out and buy $10-$50mm of the secondary bond because there simply aren’t enough willing sellers. Instead the large buyer must pay a premium in order to put its money to work by paying too much (in our view) to buy a bond in the primary market. This is not a problem for CAM and highlights one of our comparative advantages. As a boutique manager we are still small enough that we can freely operate and buy what we need in an opportunistic manner in order to fill client accounts. If given the choice to buy a shorter bond at a higher yield than a longer bond of the same issuer, then we will buy the short bond all day long as long as the bond math makes economic sense. While the newer bond will likely have a higher coupon because it is being priced off of a higher Treasury rate than the 8yr bond that was priced two years, coupon alone does not tell the entire story. Spread and the amount of yield per turn of duration is the real key to generating total return, not coupon. The following example is a real‐world one that we observed in early February of this year:

The new bond was from an issuer that we hold in high regard and a company that we currently invest in for client accounts (note: we have omitted the name of the company as this is not a recommendation to buy or sell a specific security). The initial price for the new issue was +170bps/10yr, a level that we considered to be attractive given the credit worthiness of the issuer and its relative value within the market at that time, but that price was merely a starting point. For new issues, the initial price will change in response to the strength of demand and it is a very fluid process that occurs over the course of a few hours. In this particular instance, we would have been willing to purchase the new bond at a spread of +160bps or better but given very strong buyer demand, the syndicate was able to move the pricing in to +143bps at which point we declined to participate. Thus in this scenario, given the option between buying the new bond and the secondary bond, we would most certainly choose the secondary bond for a variety of reasons. The secondary bond offered 2bps more yield, required an upfront investment of $14 less because of its discounted price, and it was 29 months shorter in maturity than the new bond, offering meaningfully more yield per turn of duration. As it turns out we elected not to purchase the secondary bond in this example as we considered it to be fully valued at that time and not an opportunistic way to deploy capital for clients. If the bond would have been trading at a spread of +150 we would have purchased it. This is just but one example of our investment discipline in how we approach the decisions we are making for clients on a daily basis. Hopefully this is helpful in explaining some of the dynamics that we have been seeing in the market to start the year and how we think about managing risk and opportunities for client accounts.

What Will The Fed Do?
We know that the Fed can’t raise its policy rate forever. We have already seen the consequences of this unprecedented hiking cycle as cracks have emerged in some corners of the banking industry and we believe it is becoming increasingly clear that monetary policy is beginning to slow the economy. At the end of the first quarter of 2023 Fed Funds Futures were pricing a +25bp rate hike at the May meeting and a 43% chance of a +25bp hike at the June meeting. Perhaps more surprising is that futures were also predicting three policy rate cuts in the last three months of the year. We have since received a weak job openings report on the morning  of April 4 that showed that labor demand and job openings have cooled with US job openings dipping below 10 million for the first time since May of 2021.iii The next big data point will be the March Employment Report which will be released on April 7th. We think that the Fed will continue to use data as its guide, particularly as it relates to employment. If the labor market cools significantly then the current hiking cycle could have already reached its peak. If the labor market is resilient then we foresee another 1‐2 hikes and possibly more if needed. At present, we have a difficult time envisioning cuts in 2023 and we think a multi‐month pause is the more likely path.

We continue to believe that the Fed has little choice –it has to tighten conditions by too much or for too long which in all likelihood will lead to recession. Predicting the timing or depth of any recession is difficult so we find it more productive to focus on the risks that we can measure and best control within our portfolio and credit risk is the one variable where we can exert the most influence. We believe we are well equipped to manage and evaluate credit risk for client portfolios through the work of our deeply experienced team. A recession is not generally good for risk assets but it is not a death knell for investment grade credit. These companies are investment grade for a reason and if we have done our job and populated the portfolio appropriately then we believe our portfolio will perform well regardless of the economic environment. We look for companies that have resilient business models and highly competent management teams as well as significant financial wherewithal and cushion. We believe IG credit would outperform the majority of risk assets if we end up in a Fed‐drive recession scenario.

Time Marches On

Credit is off to a good start in 2023 but there is still plenty of work to do to erase the negative returns of 2022. Thankfully, time is the biggest friend of bond investors. Bonds have a stated maturity and those that are trading at a discount will move closer to par with the passage of time. Time also allows investors to reap coupon income. We believe the future is bright for bond investors that are in it for the long haul. Risks remain, to be sure, and we are particularly concerned with geopolitical risks. We also can’t help but wonder what stones have yet to be uncovered as it relates to the speed with which the Fed has increased its policy rate. We will continue to grind away for you and for the rest of our clients doing our best to earn a superior risk adjusted return. Thank you for your continued interest and for your confidence in us as a manager.

This information is intended solely to report on investment strategies identified by Cincinnati Asset Management. Opinions and estimates offered constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice, as are statements of financial market trends, which are based on current market conditions. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation to buy, hold or sell any financial instrument. Fixed income securities may be sensitive to prevailing interest rates. When rates rise the value generally declines. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Gross of advisory fee performance does not reflect the deduction of investment advisory fees. Our advisory fees are disclosed in Form ADV Part 2A. Accounts managed through brokerage firm programs usually will include additional fees. Returns are calculated monthly in U.S. dollars and include reinvestment of dividends and interest. The index is unmanaged and does not take into account fees, expenses, and transaction costs. It is shown for comparative purposes and is based on information generally available to the public from sources believed to be reliable. No representation is made to its accuracy or completeness. Additional disclosures on the material risks and potential benefits of investing in corporate bonds are available on our website: https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure‐statements/.

The information provided in this report should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security. There is no assurance that any securities discussed herein will remain in an account’s portfolio at the time you receive this report or that securities sold have not been repurchased. The securities discussed do not represent an account’s entire portfolio and in the aggregate may represent only a small percentage of an account’s portfolio holdings. It should not be assumed that any of the securities transactions or holdings discussed were or will prove to be profitable, or that the investment decisions we make in the future will be profitable or will equal the investment performance of the securities discussed herein.

i St. Louis Fed, 2022, “10‐Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2‐Year Treasury Constant Maturity”
ii Wells Fargo Securities, March 16 2023, “Credit Flows | Supply & Demand: 3/9‐3/15”
iii Bloomberg, April 4 2023, “US Job Openings Fall Below 10 Million for First Time Since 2021”

10 Apr 2023

2023 Q1 COMENTARIO DEL PRIMER TRIMESTRE

El crédito con grado de inversión (en inglés IG) registró rendimiento total positivo estable a partir de 2023. Durante el primer trimestre, el diferencial ajustado por opciones (OAS) en el Índice de Bonos Corporativos de EE. UU. de Bloomberg se amplió en 8 puntos básicos y llegó a 138 después de haber comenzado el año en 130. Con diferenciales más amplios, el rendimiento positivo durante el trimestre se vio impulsado por los ingresos por cupones y un repunte en los bonos del Tesoro, con el título a 10 años cerrando el trimestre en 3.47 %, 41 puntos básicos menos en lo que va del año.

Durante el primer trimestre, este Índice registró una rentabilidad total del +3.50 %. La rentabilidad total sin comisiones del programa de grado de inversión de CAM durante el trimestre fue del +3.41 %.

El grado de inversión vuelve a estar de moda

En nuestro último comentario, escribimos que el rendimiento total del crédito con grado de inversión podría estar a punto de rebotar. El Índice Corporativo ahora ha publicado dos trimestres consecutivos con rendimiento total positivo: el cuarto trimestre de 2022 y el primer trimestre de 2023 con +3.63 % y +3.50 %, respectivamente. 2022 fue el peor año en cuanto a rentabilidad total para el credito con grado de inversión registrado (-15.76 %), y el 7 de noviembre llegó al valor más bajo desde el pun o de vista de la rentabilidad. Desde el 7 de noviembre, el Índice Corporativo ha registrado una rentabilidad total positiva del +8.89 %, lo que ilustra la rapidez con la que puede cambiar el temperamento del mercado.

Los bonos del Tesoro a corto plazo ofrecen actualmente algunos de los rendimientos más elevados de los últimos años. El bono a 2 años cerró el primer trimestre de 2023 en 4.03 % y creemos que los de corta duración son una alternativa atractiva frente al efectivo. Aunque las tasas de corto plazo pueden resultar atractivas para colocar algo de efectivo, no creemos que sean un sustituto adecuado para una cartera de bonos corporativos de mediano plazo para la mayoría de los inversores, debido al alto grado de riesgo de reinversión que presentan. Cuando la Reserva Federal gire y comience a recortar la tasa de referencia, es probable que el rendimiento de los bonos del Tesoro de corto plazo tomen la misma dirección. En ese momento, un inversor que busque reemplazar sus bonos del Tesoro de corto plazo puede encontrarse con que el crédito de mediano plazo ha repuntado de forma significativa desde entonces en términos relativos; lo que podría hacer que el punto de entrada para el crédito con grado de inversión resultase menos atractivo de lo que es hoy. Al evitar los bonos corporativos de mediano plazo y limitar las asignaciones de renta fija a activos de corta duración, el inversor posiblemente corre el riesgo de renunciar a una buena cantidad de rentabilidad total. Para ciertas clases de activos, el posicionamiento táctico y la búsqueda del momento justo en el mercado pueden ser un esfuerzo beneficioso. Sin embargo, no creemos que el crédito con grado de inversión sea de ese tipo. En cambio, sostenemos que es más eficaz para los inversores con horizontes de medio o largo plazo considerar el crédito con grado de inversión de manera estratégica y asignarle una posición de capital permanente en una cartera de inversión bien diversificada.

Dinero y banca

Dada la agitación bancaria, pensamos que sería ilustrativo comentar la exposición y la filosofía de inversión de CAM en lo que respecta al sector de las instituciones financieras.

El sector financiero comprende una gran parte del Índice Corporativo, con una ponderación del 33.07 % al cierre del primer trimestre de 2023. La banca fue la industria más grande dentro del sector financiero, con una ponderación del 23.22 %. El resto de las industrias que componen la balanza del sector financiero son agentes de bolsa y administradores de activos, empresas financieras, aseguradoras, fideicomisos de inversión inmobiliaria (o REIT) y otras finanzas. CAM siempre ha tratado de limitar la cartera de cada cliente a una ponderación del 30 % (o menos) dentro del sector financiero para garantizar una diversificación adecuada desde el punto de vista del riesgo. A finales del primer trimestre, la cartera de CAM tenía una exposición ligeramente inferior al 20 % en la banca, mientras que el resto de la exposición en el sector financiero se componía de tres empresas de seguros de propiedad y siniestros (P&C) y dos empresas de REIT.

En cuanto a la exposición en el sector bancario, CAM es muy selectiva, con inversiones en apenas 11 bancos a fines del primer trimestre de 2023. Con un enfoque disciplinado en esta industria, siempre nos hemos centrarnos en instituciones bien administradas y de alta capitalización con flujos de ingresos muy diversificados y huella crediticia en diferentes regiones. El carácter fundamental de la filosofía de inversión de CAM y su proceso de análisis particular excluyen a bancos especializados y a bancos regionales porque tienen carteras de préstamos demasiado expuestas a determinados sectores o porque sus huellas están demasiado concentradas. Aplicamos el mismo tipo de análisis riguroso a nuestras exposiciones financieras en seguros y REIT. Como resultado, tenemos un alto grado de confianza en nuestras inversiones en el sector de instituciones financieras.

Aversión a la inversión

Seguimos recibiendo preguntas de los inversores sobre la curva de rendimiento invertida y su impacto en la cartera. Hay dos grandes temas para analizar.

  1. Para las cuentas nuevas, la inversión es auspiciosa, y genera un atractivo punto de entrada; mientras que las cuentas más antiguas pueden disfrutar de este mismo beneficio cuando realizan nuevas compras. La curva invertida ha creado de manera sistemática situaciones en las que resulta oportuno comprar bonos de mediano a corto plazo que, en nuestra opinión, probablemente tengan buen desempeño a medida que la curva se normalice con el tiempo. Pudimos comprar bonos que vencen en 7-8 años a precios que son atractivos en relación con los bonos de 9-10 años. Esto se traduce en una menor duración global para la cartera de clientes y un menor riesgo de la tasa de interés. Este tipo de oportunidades son mucho más pasajeras en entornos con curvas de bonos del Tesoro normalizadas al alza.
  2. Para las cuentas más antiguas o con inversión completa, el período de tenencia será más largo de lo habitual. Esto se debe a que la curva de rendimiento invertida ha dado lugar a una economía menos atractiva para las operaciones de extensión. En lugar de vender bonos a los 5 años, como haríamos normalmente, seguiremos conservándolos y cobrando los cupones mientras esperamos la normalización de la curva. Tendremos paciencia y estaremos atentos al panorama para ver si se presentan oportunidades de extensión; lo que significa que es probable que mantengamos los bonos existentes hasta que queden 3 o 4 años para su vencimiento, siempre que la curva permanezca invertida.

Las curvas del bono del Tesoro se normalizarán, siempre lo han hecho. Históricamente, las curvas invertidas han sido breves; la mayor duración registrada para 2/10s fue de 21 meses, de agosto de 1978 a abril de 1980.i La curva invertida actual 2/10 comenzó el 5 de julio de 2022 y alcanzó su punto más marcado de -107 pb el 8 de marzo de 2023 antes de revertir bruscamente su curso para terminar el trimestre en -55 pb. El catalizador más probable de un ascenso en la curva de rendimiento es un ciclo de relajación de la Reserva Federal y una disminución en la tasa de fondos federales. La mera anticipación de una pausa en el ciclo de alzas podría bastar para que el mercado iniciara el proceso de vuelta a una curva más normalizada para los bonos del Tesoro.

La demanda de crédito con grado de inversión se ha mantenido fuerte a principios de año. Según fuentes compiladas por Wells Fargo, los fondos con grado de inversión registraron $62,100 millones de entradas en lo que va del año hasta el 15 de marzo. Hemos observado esta demanda y el impacto asociado en los precios en el mercado primario, en particular, de los grandes compradores institucionales. En nuestro caso, el período de inversión para una cuenta nueva es de 8 a 10 semanas en promedio. En el caso de las cuentas nuevas, históricamente hemos sido muy consistentes en buscar oportunidades atractivas en el mercado primario, de modo que se podría esperar que entre el 30 % y el 35 % de la cartera estuviera compuesta por nuevas emisiones. Las cuentas más antiguas también podrían comprar nuevas emisiones ocasionalmente, a medida que reciben ingresos por cupones y se acumula efectivo al punto de que la cuenta está lista para realizar una compra.
Repasemos la mecánica de lo que observamos en la actualidad en el mercado primario:
Una empresa y la banca de inversión, en un mercado normalizado con una demanda equilibrada, podrían estar dispuestos a pagar lo que llamamos una “concesión por nueva emisión” a los inversores para incentivarlos a comprar un bono recién emitido. Por ejemplo, si una empresa tiene un bono en circulación a 9 años que se negocia con un diferencial de 100/10 años, sería totalmente razonable que un inversor esperara que le pagaran 115/10 años para compensar la duración adicional, así como alguna otra compensación en forma de diferencial para incentivarlo a comprar el nuevo bono. Las concesiones por nuevas emisiones cambian con frecuencia y se basan en la dinámica del mercado, como la situación de la economía, las cuestiones geopolíticas, la demanda global de crédito, así como las características de la empresa emisora y la opinión generalizada sobre su solvencia crediticia. A veces, las concesiones por nuevas emisiones pueden ser muy atractivas y otras veces pueden ser fijas o incluso negativas.
A lo largo del primer trimestre, observamos con mucha frecuencia concesiones por nuevas emisiones fijas o negativas, por lo que los bonos secundarios de un emisor determinado resultaron más atractivos que los nuevos. En ocasiones, se debió a que los bonos secundarios eran una inversión oportunista en relación con los bonos nuevos, pero en otras se debió a que tanto los bonos secundarios como los nuevos estaban valorados de manera razonable o sobrevalorados según nuestro análisis. El razonamiento para comprar un bono a 10 años que ofrece menos rendimiento que un bono a 8 años puede parecer poco sensato, pero la lógica reside en cómo consideramos las limitaciones impuestas a los inversores en el mercado de bonos corporativos. Los bonos son finitos, se negocian en el mercado extrabursátil (no en bolsa) y son menos líquidos que las acciones. Hay un problema importante al que puede enfrentarse de vez en cuando un interesado en comprar un bono: ¿qué pasa si no hay quien esté dispuesto a vender? Para complicar más aún al comprador de nuestro ejemplo, ¿qué sucede si dispone de mucho dinero en efectivo que necesita invertir? Este es el fenómeno que estamos observando actualmente; compradores muy grandes que están dispuestos a “pagar bien” para que el dinero rinda. El comprador grande no puede salir y comprar $10-$50 millones del bono secundario porque, sencillamente, no hay suficientes vendedores. En cambio, el comprador grande debe pagar una prima para que su dinero rinda y pagar demasiado (en nuestra opinión) por un bono en el mercado primario. Esto no es un problema para CAM y destaca una de nuestras ventajas comparativas. Como administrador boutique, aún somos lo bastante pequeños como para poder operar con libertad y comprar lo que necesitamos de forma oportunista para cubrir las cuentas de los clientes. Si nos dan la opción de comprar un bono más corto con un rendimiento más alto que un bono más largo del mismo emisor, compraremos el corto siempre y cuando den los números desde el punto de vista económico. Aunque es probable que el bono más reciente tenga un cupón más alto porque su precio se basa en una tasa del Tesoro más alta que el bono a 8 años, cuyo precio se fijó hace dos, el cupón por sí solo no lo es todo. El diferencial y el rendimiento por duración es la verdadera clave para generar rentabilidad total, no el cupón. El siguiente es un ejemplo real que observamos a principios de febrero de este año:

El nuevo bono procedía de un emisor que tenemos en alta estima y una empresa en la que actualmente invertimos para cuentas de clientes (nota: no mencionamos el nombre de la empresa porque no se trata de una recomendación para comprar o vender un título-valor específico). El precio inicial de la nueva emisión era de +170 pb/10 años, un nivel que consideramos atractivo dada la solvencia del emisor y su valor relativo en el mercado en aquel momento, pero ese precio era solo un punto de partida. En el caso de las emisiones nuevas, el precio inicial cambia en respuesta a la solidez de la demanda y es un proceso muy fluido que se produce en unas pocas horas. En este caso particular, hubiéramos estado dispuestos a comprar el nuevo bono a un diferencial de +160 pb o superior, pero dada la fuerte demanda de compradores, el sindicato logró mover el precio a +143 pb, momento en el que dejamos de participar. Por lo tanto, en este escenario, dada la posibilidad de comprar el nuevo bono y el bono secundario, sin duda elegiríamos el bono secundario por varias razones. El bono secundario ofrecía 2 pb más de rendimiento, requería una inversión inicial de $14 menos por su precio con descuento, y su vencimiento era 29 meses menor que el del nuevo bono, con un rendimiento significativamente mayor por duración. Resulta que, en este ejemplo, decidimos no comprar el bono secundario porque consideramos que estaba muy valorado en ese momento y no era una oportunidad para invertir el capital de nuestros clientes. Si el bono se hubiera negociado con un diferencial de +150, lo hubiéramos comprado. Este es solo un ejemplo de nuestra disciplina de inversión, en cómo abordamos las decisiones que tomamos para los clientes a diario. Esperamos que esto sea útil para explicar algunas de las dinámicas que hemos estado viendo en el mercado para comenzar el año y cómo encaramos la administración de riesgos y las oportunidades para las cuentas de clientes.

¿Qué hará la Reserva Federal?

Sabemos que la Reserva Federal no puede aumentar su tasa de referencia monetaria para siempre. Ya hemos visto las consecuencias de este ciclo de alzas sin precedentes, como las grietas que han aparecido en algunos rincones de la banca, y creemos que cada vez es más evidente que la política monetaria está empezando a frenar la economía. A finales del primer trimestre de 2023, los futuros de fondos federales preveían un alza en las tasas de +25 bp en la reunión de mayo y un 43 % de probabilidades de un alza de +25 bp en la reunión de junio. Quizá lo más sorprendente sea que los futuros también preveían tres recortes en la tasa de interés de referencia en los tres últimos meses del año. Desde entonces hemos recibido un magro informe de ofertas de empleo en la mañana del 4 de abril que mostró que la demanda laboral y las ofertas de empleo se han enfriado en EE. UU. con una caída de 10 millones por primera vez desde mayo de 2021.ii El próximo gran dato será el informe de empleo de marzo, que se publicará el 7 de abril. Creemos que la Reserva Federal seguirá guiándose por los datos, sobre todo en lo que respecta al empleo. Si el mercado laboral se enfría de forma significativa, el actual ciclo de alzas podría haber alcanzado ya su punto álgido. Si el mercado laboral lo resiste, prevemos una o dos alzas más y posiblemente más si es necesario. En la actualidad, nos resulta difícil prever recortes en 2023 y creemos que lo más probable es una pausa de varios meses.

Seguimos creyendo que la Reserva Federal no tiene muchas opciones: tiene que endurecer demasiado las condiciones o durante demasiado tiempo, lo que seguramente conducirá a una recesión. Predecir el momento o la profundidad de cualquier recesión es difícil, por lo que consideramos más productivo centrarnos en los riesgos que podemos medir y controlar mejor dentro de nuestra cartera, y el riesgo de crédito es la variable en la que podemos ejercer mayor influencia. Creemos que estamos bien equipados para administrar y evaluar el riesgo crediticio de las carteras de clientes gracias a nuestro equipo de gran experiencia. En general, una recesión no es buena para los activos de riesgo, pero no es una sentencia de muerte para el crédito con grado de inversión. Estas empresas tienen grado de inversión por una razón, y si hemos hecho nuestro trabajo y hemos surtido la cartera de forma adecuada, creemos que se desempeñará bien con independencia del entorno económico. Buscamos empresas que presenten modelos de negocio resilientes y equipos de dirección muy competentes, así como con gran capacidad financiera y margen de maniobra. Creemos que el crédito con grado de inversión podrá superar a la mayoría de los activos de riesgo si acabamos en un escenario de recesión impulsado por la Reserva Federal.

El tiempo sigue avanzando

El crédito se inicia con viento a favor en 2023, pero aún queda mucho por hacer para saldar los rendimientos negativos de 2022. Afortunadamente, el tiempo es el mejor aliado de los inversores en bonos. Los bonos tienen un vencimiento establecido y los que cotizan con descuento se acercarán a la par con el paso del tiempo. El tiempo también les da a los inversores la oportunidad de obtener ingresos por cupones. Creemos que el futuro es prometedor para los inversores en bonos a largo plazo. Los riesgos persisten, sin duda, y estamos particularmente preocupados por la situación geopolítica. Tampoco podemos dejar de preguntarnos qué nos resta aún conocer en cuanto a la velocidad con la que la Reserva Federal ha aumentado la tasa de referencia. Seguiremos trabajando sin descanso para usted y para el resto de nuestros clientes, haciendo todo lo posible para obtener una rentabilidad superior ajustada al riesgo. Gracias por su continuo interés y por su confianza en nosotros como administradores.

Esta información solo tiene el propósito de dar a conocer las estrategias de inversión identificadas por Cincinnati Asset Management. Las opiniones y estimaciones ofrecidas están basadas en nuestro criterio y están sujetas a cambios sin previo aviso, al igual que las declaraciones sobre las tendencias del mercado financiero, que dependen de las condiciones actuales del mercado. Este material no tiene como objetivo ser una oferta ni una solicitud para comprar, mantener ni vender instrumentos financieros. Los valores de renta fija pueden ser vulnerables a las tasas de interés vigentes. Cuando las tasas aumentan, el valor suele disminuir. El rendimiento pasado no es garantía de resultados futuros. El rendimiento bruto de la tarifa de asesoramiento no refleja la deducción de las tarifas de asesoramiento de inversión. Nuestras tarifas de asesoramiento se comunican en el Formulario ADV Parte 2A. En general, las cuentas administradas mediante programas de firmas de corretaje incluyen tarifas adicionales. Los rendimientos se calculan mensualmente en dólares estadounidenses e incluyen la reinversión de dividendos e intereses. El índice no está administrado y no considera las tarifas de la cuenta, los gastos y los costos de transacción. Se muestra con fines comparativos y se basa en información generalmente disponible al público tomada de fuentes que se consideran confiables. No se hace ninguna afirmación sobre su precisión o integridad. En nuestro sitio web se encuentran disponibles las divulgaciones adicionales sobre los riesgos materiales y los beneficios potenciales de invertir en bonos corporativos: https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure-statements/.

 

La información proporcionada en este informe no debe considerarse una recomendación para comprar o vender ningún valor en particular. No hay garantía de que los valores que se tratan en este documento permanecerán en la cartera de una cuenta en el momento en que reciba este informe o que los valores vendidos no hayan sido vueltos a comprar. Los valores de los que se habla no representan la cartera completa de una cuenta y, en conjunto, pueden representar solo un pequeño porcentaje de las tenencias de cartera de una cuenta. No debe suponerse que las transacciones de valores o tenencias analizadas fueron o demostrarán ser rentables, o que las decisiones de inversión que tomemos en el futuro serán rentables o igualarán el rendimiento de la inversión de los valores discutidos en este documento.

i Reserva Federal de St. Louis, 2022, “10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity”
ii Wells Fargo Securities, 16 de marzo de 2023, “Credit Flows | Supply & Demand: 3/9-3/15”
iii Bloomberg, 4 de abril de 2023, “US Job Openings Fall Below 10 Million for First Time Since 2021”

12 Jan 2023

2022 Q4 INVESTMENT GRADE QUARTERLY

It will be remembered as the year to forget for investment grade corporate credit as the asset class generated the largest negative yearly total return in its history driven by a combination of wider spreads and much higher interest rates.  For the full year 2022, the option adjusted spread (OAS) on the Bloomberg US Corporate Bond Index widened by 38 basis points to 130 after having opened the year at 92.  The 4th quarter was particularly volatile for credit spreads as the OAS on the index traded as wide as 165 in mid-October after which spreads marched steadily tighter into year-end.  Treasuries also experienced a massive amount of volatility in the 4th quarter with the 10yr Treasury trading as high as 4.24% at the end of October and then as low as 3.42% near the beginning of December before finishing the year at 3.88%.  The full year numbers really illustrate the pain-trade for interest rates as the 10yr Treasury posted its largest one-year gain in history of +237 basis points, more than doubling from its starting point of 1.51%.

For the full year 2022, the Corporate Index posted a total return of -15.76%.  CAM’s Investment Grade Program gross of fees total return for the full year 2022 was -13.31% (-13.52% net of fees).  As bad as the year was, the Corporate Index did manage to finish on a high note with a positive 4th quarter total return of +3.63%.  This compares to CAM’s gross 4th quarter return of +2.99% (2.93% net).  Looking at longer time periods, the Corporate Index ended 2022 with 5 and 10-year returns of +0.45% and 1.96%, respectively.  CAM’s investment grade program posted 5 and 10-year gross annualized returns of +0.70% (0.47% net) and 1.90% (1.66% net), respectively.

There was nowhere to hide in 2022, with all buckets of maturities and credit ratings posting negative returns.  Intermediate credit performed relatively better than longer dated credit due to its lower duration.  A-rated credit performed slightly better than the index as a whole and it outperformed both >Aa-rated credit and Baa-rated credit but the returns picture was ugly across the board.

When Will the Tide Turn for Corporate Bonds?

 The fact is that returns for IG credit have already started to improve.  Please note that we are not calling a bottom by any means, we are just observing the data and reasoning that it is entirely possible that the worst is over for this cycle.  When the market closed on November 7, the Corporate Index to that point in the year had posted a negative total return of -20.65%.  The index then rebounded, benefitting from tighter credit spreads and lower interest rates, and finished the year with a negative total return of -15.76%.  From November 7 until year end the index posted a +4.89% total return.  In our experience many investors tend to wait on the sidelines for the perfect entry point, missing much of the low hanging fruit when the tide has turned.

When it comes to bonds, negative returns have typically made for opportunity.  We do not know what the future will bring and past returns are not indicative of future results, but a glimpse of history paints a favorable picture for IG corporates.

2022 was by far the worst year of performance since the inception of the Corporate Bond Index in 1973, eclipsing the second worst year of performance by a whopping -9.90%.  In the past 50 years there have been 11 years where the index has posted negative returns.  Only twice has the index posted consecutive years of negative returns, 1979-1980 and 2021-2022.  The index has never posted 3 consecutive years of negative total returns.  The average return the year after the index has posted a negative return is +8.17%.  This is no guarantee of positive returns in 2023 but it does illustrate the resiliency of investment grade credit as an asset class over the course of history.

Wider credit spreads and much higher Treasuries have led to some of the largest yields that have been available in IG corporates in more than a decade.  The yield to maturity on the Corporate Index finished the year at 5.42% and it traded at just over 6% in the first week of November.  The average yield to maturity on the index going back to the beginning of 2010 was 3.33%.  When the all-in yield for intermediate corporate bonds is >5% it gives the investor a much larger margin of safety, increasing the probability that IG corporate bonds will generate positive total returns in the future even if spreads and/or interest rates go higher.  To put this into context, take the 38 basis point widening in credit spreads that the index experienced in 2022.  If an investor were to purchase the index today at a YTM of 5.42% and spreads moved wider by 38 basis points over the course of the next year but interest rates did not move at all then that investor will have earned an annual total return of >5% despite the move wider in spreads.  Even if interest rates also traded higher by +50bps in addition to the +38bp move wider in spreads then our hypothetical investor would have earned a total return of >4.5%.  We believe IG corporate yields that are meaningfully higher than they have been in the recent past offer an attractive opportunity for investors and the compensation is high enough to offset short term volatility.

U.S. Recession Looms Large

Much has been written about what may be the most widely anticipated recession in history.  According to sources compiled by Bloomberg, forecasters surveyed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia put the probability of a downturn in 2023 at more than 40% and economists polled by Bloomberg see the chances of recession in 2023 at 65%.[i]  We hate to be on the same side of what appears to be a crowded trade but we agree that a recession is more likely than not over the course of the next 18 months, either in 2023 or the first half of 2024.  Our belief stems largely from restrictive Federal Reserve policy as well as the FOMC’s commitment to tame inflation.  A dramatic move higher in the Federal Funds Target Rate of +425bps in one calendar year has begun to have its intended effect with certain sectors of the economy, such as housing, experiencing a significant contraction.ii  But the Fed is not done yet, and additional rate hikes are in the queue. We believe that the Fed will maintain tight conditions until it sees significantly diminished demand within the labor market.  In our view, the Fed cannot afford to reverse course too quickly and if anything it is likely to hold the policy rate in restrictive territory for longer than expected.  This bias toward Fed “over-tightening” underpins our recession expectations.

How can investors prepare for a recession?  We are admittedly biased as a corporate bond manager but we think an appropriate allocation to IG credit could be very useful to most investors in order to sufficiently diversify and position their overall investment portfolios for an economic slowdown.  A recession is not guaranteed and we may find instead that the economy simply grows at a low rate for some period of time.  Historically, according to data compiled by Credit Suisse, in a scenario with quarterly GDP growth of 0-1% IG credit has performed well and generated positive spread returns.iii In a scenario where the economy experiences a brief shallow recession with modestly negative growth IG spreads have historically widened, but this does not necessarily mean negative total returns.  IG credit has typically outperformed other risk assets during periods of negative economic growth.iv  By and large, investment grade rated companies took full advantage of the low interest rate environment that was available to them in recent years and as a result most IG balance sheets are flush with liquidity and maturity walls have been pushed out making a modest downturn easily navigable for the vast majority of IG-rated companies.  Credit metrics for the index have deteriorated slightly from the peak which was at the end of the first quarter of 2022, but fundamentals are still very strong.  At the end of the third quarter 2022 net leverage for the index (ex-financials) was 2.9x while EBITDA margin was 28.2% and interest coverage was 15.1x.

Where things start to get a little trickier is if there is a more prolonged deeper recession.  In a “deep recession” scenario we would expect credit spreads to trade meaningfully wider.  An OAS of 200+ on the index versus 130 at the end of the year would be probable in a deep recession scenario.  However, in such a scenario we could also see Treasury yields trade lower which would serve to offset wider credit spreads.  The most important thing for investors is the aforementioned level of yield that is available today, which is much higher than in the recent past, offering a buffer against any short term volatility incurred as the result of a recession.

Inverted Treasury Curves & Our Response

We have touched on this topic in previous commentaries and we continue to get questions from our investors so we think that it would be helpful to revisit.  An inverted curve makes bond investing more challenging but the economics still work.  There are two curves to think about as a corporate bond investor.  The underlying curve is the Treasury curve or risk free rate –this is the base rate and any IG corporate bond that an investor purchases will be at an additional spread on top of the risk free rate.  The spreads investors are paid for owning various maturities of corporate bonds form their own curve which we refer to as the corporate credit curve.  So we have two curves, and in normalized times they are both upward sloping.  The corporate credit curve is always upward sloping other than idiosyncratic cases inspired by market volatility that are quickly arbitraged away.  The Treasury curve is almost always upward sloping but it can invert, especially in economic environments like the one we are in currently.  Think of it this way –the Fed Funds Rate is extremely meaningful to where the 2yr Treasury trades but not very meaningful at all for where the 10yr trades.  This is because the 2yr is a short maturity that has to adjust for Fed Funds but the 10yr trading level is predicated on investor expectations for longer term economic growth and inflation expectations.

As an example, if a company issued new bonds on December 30 an investor would always be compensated with more yield to purchase the 10yr bond of that company relative to the 5yr bond.  This is despite the fact that at the end of 2022 the 10yr Treasury had a yield of 3.87% while the 5yr Treasury had a yield of 4.00% –the 5/10 Treasury curve was inverted by 13 basis points.  In order to make up for the Treasury curve inversion, market participants demand sufficiently more spread compensation to own the 10yr corporate bond relative to the 5yr corporate bond –the corporate credit curve would be even steeper than usual to account for the inverted Treasury curve.

Curve inversion has impacted our strategy at CAM, but only at the margins. In a typical environment we buy bonds that mature in 9-10 years and then we sell around the 5yr mark.  Curve inversion along with other technical factors at play in the market have created an environment where there are many more attractive investment opportunities for us to purchase that mature in 7-9 years but it has also required us to hold our current investments somewhat longer, until the 3-4 year mark in order to affect a more economic sale.  We are still looking at a holding period that averages approximately 5 years for new portfolios, but we are getting to that 5-year holding period with slightly shorter maturities.  At the end of the day much of this is a positive for our investors because shorter maturities carry less interest rate risk.

Curve inversions are typically quite brief in nature with the longest period of inversion on record for 2/10s being 21 months from August 1978 until April 1980.vi  The current 2/10 curve inversion began on July 5 2022 and was at its most deeply inverted point of -84 bps on December 7 2022 relative to -56 bps at year end 2022.

A New Year Brings Opportunity but Same Old Risks Remain

It is time to move on from the bond market rout of 2022 and focus on the opportunities that the drawdown has created.  We have already gone over those points and will not rehash them here; we will only remind investors that change can come quickly.  We would also like to remind investors that bonds sold off for a reason and risks remain.  The Federal Reserve has not yet completed its tightening cycle and we would caution investors from even beginning to think about easing financial conditions.  A recession in the U.S. could be imminent and in the Euro Zone it feels as though the odds of dodging a recession are infinitesimal.  Geopolitical risk remains at the forefront of investor concern as China attempts to successfully navigate its economic reopening and the war in Ukraine rages on.  These risks are balanced against an opportunity set for longer term investors that is compelling due to the risk/reward afforded by IG credit.

2022 was a difficult year for all bond investors.  We appreciate the trust you have placed in us as a manger and we look forward to doing our best to provide you with better returns in 2023.  We welcome any comments or concerns and look forward to an ongoing productive dialogue in the year ahead.

This information is intended solely to report on investment strategies identified by Cincinnati Asset Management. Opinions and estimates offered constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice, as are statements of financial market trends, which are based on current market conditions. This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation to buy, hold or sell any financial instrument.  Fixed income securities may be sensitive to prevailing interest rates.  When rates rise the value generally declines.  Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.  Gross of advisory fee performance does not reflect the deduction of investment advisory fees.  Our advisory fees are disclosed in Form ADV Part 2A.  Accounts managed through brokerage firm programs usually will include additional fees.  Returns are calculated monthly in U.S. dollars and include reinvestment of dividends and interest. The index is unmanaged and does not take into account fees, expenses, and transaction costs.  It is shown for comparative purposes and is based on information generally available to the public from sources believed to be reliable.  No representation is made to its accuracy or completeness.  Additional disclosures on the material risks and potential benefits of investing in corporate bonds are available on our website: https://www.cambonds.com/disclosure-statements/.

 

The information provided in this report should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security.  There is no assurance that any securities discussed herein will remain in an account’s portfolio at the time you receive this report or that securities sold have not been repurchased.  The securities discussed do not represent an account’s entire portfolio and in the aggregate may represent only a small percentage of an account’s portfolio holdings.  It should not be assumed that any of the securities transactions or holdings discussed were or will prove to be profitable, or that the investment decisions we make in the future will be profitable or will equal the investment performance of the securities discussed herein.

i Bloomberg, January 3 2023 “The Most-Anticipated Downturn Ever”
ii The Wall Street Journal, December 7 2022 “What’s Going On With the Housing Market?”
iii Credit Suisse, December 7 2022 “CS Credit Strategy Daily (2023 US Cash Outlook)”
iv Credit Suisse, December 7 2022 “CS Credit Strategy Daily (2023 US Cash Outlook)”
v Barclays, December 13 2022 “US Investment Grade Credit Metrics Q3 22 Update”
vi St. Louis Fed, 2022, “10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity”